In the Line of Fire—21st-Century Approach to an Ancient War Injury

Abstract:  Authentic black-powder muzzle-loader weapons or replicas are used today primarily for re-enactments of historic battles. A lay actor playing the role of a Prussian infantryman sustained life-threatening gunshot injuries during a recent re-enactment of a historic battle of the Sixth Coalition. As only blank historic muzzle-loading weaponry was used, the origin of the missile causing the wounding was initially unclear. Further investigation revealed a ramrod that had been propelled out of the barrel of another gunner's smooth-bore gun as cause of injury. The ramrod was hurled on a trajectory of more than 20 m, breaking the victim's shouldered barrel and hitting the victim resulting in severe abdominal, thoracic, and upper limb injuries. The critical incidents while handling muzzle-loading weaponry leading to premature discharge are elucidated. Furthermore, this report demonstrates how actual diagnostics and subsequent surgical treatment enabled this infantryman to survive an injury to which his comrades-in-arms would have succumbed 200 years ago.     

反腐败视野中贪污受贿犯罪定罪量刑模式的问题与出路--基于《刑法修正案（九）》的分析

以数额作为对贪污受贿犯罪定罪量刑的主要标准,虽然直观明了,但过于僵化。《刑法修正案（九）》废除了这一标准,采用“数额与情节择一”的模式,将有利于解决罪刑失衡难题。以往的数额量刑标准难以跟上经济发展的社会现状,若继续采用这一标准势必要不断修改《刑法》,不利于保证《刑法》条文的稳定性,而采用弹性标准则可以克服此矛盾。在贪污受贿案件中,数额的因素只能作为计算罪量的一项参数指标,而情节的因素则理应通过贪污受贿犯罪的情节规定加以明确适用。同时,数额与情节在定罪量刑中的考量比重还需进一步明确。     

公安英语口语语篇分析

公安英语口语主要是指公安人员在实施涉外管理中所用到的英语口语。按照公安人员接触外国人的类型把公安英语口语划分为两类,即公安人员接触非违法外国人时所用的口语和公安人员接触违法外国人时所用的口语。在衔接手段、主位推进模式和语域一致三个方面,这两类公安英语口语语篇有其特点和规律,公安院校提高英语口语教学质量和在职外事公安人员英语口语能力时必须注意这些特点和规律。     

DO PARENTS MATTER IN CREATING SELF‐CONTROL IN THEIR CHILDREN? A GENETICALLY INFORMED TEST OF GOTTFREDSON AND HIRSCHI'S THEORY OF LOW SELF‐CONTROL*

Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime (1990) has generated an abundance of research testing the proposition that low self‐control is the main cause of crime and analogous behaviors. Less empirical work, however, has examined the factors that give rise to low self‐control. Gottfredson and Hirschi suggest that parents are the sole contributors for either fostering or thwarting low self‐control in their children, explicitly discounting the possibility that genetics may play a key role. Yet genetic research has shown that ADHD and other deficits in the frontostriatal system are highly heritable. Our research thus tests whether “parents matter” in creating low self‐control once genetic influences are taken into account. Using a sample of twin children we find that parenting measures have a weak and inconsistent effect. We address the conceptual and methodological issues associated with the failure to address genetic influences in parenting studies.     

利用颅骨枪弹创骨折类型推断射击方向和顺序的实验

建立利用颅骨枪弹创骨折类型推断射击方向和顺序的方法。使用国产五四式7．62mm口径手枪及五六式7．62mm口径半自动步枪,以3m的距离2次射击16具尸体的头颞部及枕部,造成颅脑贯通创,制成颅骨枪弹射入、出口各32例,并根据定位标记进行观察。结果显示：颅骨枪弹创骨折形态可分为带有斜面的孔状骨折,锁孔状骨折,放射状骨折和环状隆起骨折4种类型,其出现多见于低速枪射击,并与射击方向和顺序有直接关系。根据颅骨枪弹创骨折类型可推断射击方向和顺序。     

灰尘鞋印直显与荧光显现研究

本文根据邻菲(口罗)啉在弱酸条件下与Fe~(2 )反应生成稳定的桔红色给合物的原理,对遗留在各种纸张、本色木、地板砖.地板革等承受客体上的灰尘鞋印进行显现,获得较佳效果.对微弱或潜在灰尘鞋印,用上述方法处理后,再用荧光粉末刷涂,用多波段光源显现效果更佳.     

Visualization of gunshot residue patterns on dark clothing

ABSTRACT: Determination of the muzzle‐to‐target distance is often a critical factor in criminal and civil investigations involving firearms. However, seeing and recording gunshot residue patterns can be difficult if the victim's clothing is dark and/or bloodstained. Trostle reported the use of infrared film for the detection of burn patterns. However, only after the film is developed are the results visible and multiple exposures at different settings may be needed. The Video Spectral Comparator^? 2000 (Foster & Freeman Ltd., Evesham, Worcestershire, U.K.) is an imaging instrument routinely used by forensic document examiners. Without use of specialized film could the VSC 2000 (at appropriate instrument settings) quickly, easily, and reliably provide instantaneous viewing, saving, and printing of gunshot residue patterns on dark and/or blood soaked clothing? At muzzle‐to‐target distances of 6, 12, and 18 in., test fires were made into five different types of dark clothing using eight different handguns of different calibers. Gunshot residues were detected for all eight calibers, and powder burn patterns were seen on dark clothing for all three target distances and calibers except 0.22 long rifle and 0.25 ACP. Bloodstains did not preclude the viewing of these patterns.     

法国侦查制度简论

侦查制度是指一个国家或地区有关侦查活动的组织、程序、人员方面规则体系的总称。法国侦查制度有其特定的侦查主体、侦查措施、侦查模式。     

影响和制约翻译的文化因素

英汉两种语言文化在翻译交流过程中,经常遇到的各种各样源于文化的干扰和制约因素。本文从译者的思维方式,价值观念和审美取向三方面论述了文化因素对翻译的影响和制约,意在揭示翻译活动的一些内在活动规律并阐明在跨文化交际活动中了解东西方文化差异对大学英语翻译教学的重要性。     

The Effects of Polymer Pigmentation on Fingermark Development Techniques

The effectiveness of latent fingerprint development techniques is heavily influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the deposition surface. The use of powder suspensions is increasing for development of prints on a range of surfaces. We demonstrate that carbon powder suspension development on polymers is detrimentally affected by the presence of common white pigment, titanium dioxide. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that patches of the compound are clearly associated with increased levels of powder adhesion. Substrates with nonlocalized titanium dioxide content also exhibit increased levels of carbon powder staining on a surface‐wide basis. Secondary ion mass spectrometry and complementary techniques demonstrate the importance of levels of the pigment within the top 30 nm. The association is independent of fingermark deposition and may be related to surface energy variation. The detrimental effect of the pigment is not observed with small‐particle reagent (MoS₂ SPR) or cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming techniques that exploit different development mechanisms.