Questioning Appeals to Community within Crime Prevention and Control

This article casts a critical eye over some of the (often ignored) assumptions which underlie recent appeals to community in crime prevention and control. The article considers the philosophical origins, ambiguities and tensions within such appeals. In so doing, it draws explicitly upon the growth of community safety and to a lesser extent restorative justice in Britain and considers some of the implications to which this shift may give rise. In particular, it focuses upon the manner in which appeals to community converge and collide with changing social relations which may undermine their progressive potential. Specific attention is given to the implications of: increasing social and spatial dislocation; the commodification of security; and policy debates about a growing underclass. It is argued that there is much confusion as to how, and to what extent, communities can contribute to the construction of social order. Within the dynamics of community safety and crime control practices there are dangers that security differentials may become increasingly significant characteristics of wealth and status with implications for social exclusion. This questions the extent to which crime is an appropriate vehicle around which to (re)construct open and tolerant communities.     

Community Penalties in the United States

The author discusses some background matters concerning the US criminal justice systems that may provide useful context for non-US readers, and summarises the main general conclusions about the operation of community penalties from two decades' research. He also briefly summarises research concerning each of the major penalties that have been attempted. Why American jurisdictions have been comparatively unsuccessful at use of community penalties as alternatives to incarceration and whether that lack of receptivity can be changed is discussed in the conclusion.     

城市社区文化建设的几点思考

本文在剖析城市社区文化建设存在问题的基础上,从完善城市社区文化管理机制,建立文化资源共享、共建机制,加强社区文化工作者队伍建设,健全社区文化管理政策法规等方面提出了对策措施。     

对贵阳市廉租房社区建设的思考

贵阳市“住有所居”行动计划实施三年来，廉租房建设力度不断加大，在此同时，带来的问题也日益凸显。一方面是廉租房建设制度的完善，如房源、融资渠道、退出机制、补贴形式、建设规模、租赁资格、租金标准等方面的问题；另一方面是廉租房社区的建设问题。目前，政府的关注多放在前者上。通过具体调查，文章提出了贵阳市廉租房社区建设的对策。     

The Quest for Community Development in Nigeria: Interrogating the Utility of Fourth-Tier System of Government in Imo State

The recent establishment of fourth-tier system as a distinct, but coordinating level of government in Imo State came with the expectation that it would facilitate community development. However, the underdevelopment situation of most communities dashed this expectation. Thus, this recent study adopted theory of postcolonial state as our analytical framework to interrogate the development utility of the fourth-tier system using mixed research methods for evidence gathering and analysis. The analysis revealed that the system grossly underperformed its development functions resulting from lack of stakeholders’ supports, which should be the basis for determination and implementation of fourth-tier system in Imo State.     

从公共安全服务的消费生产者看我国社区警务模式的完善

公共服务的有效供给问题一直以来是公共管理研究的重点。有关公共服务供给过程中的生产者、供给者和消费者的角色分离理论以及协作生产概念为现实中公共服务供给模式的尝试提供了强大的理论指导和支持。社区警务不仅仅是一种新的“警务思潮”和“警务改革探索模式”，更是一种新的公共安全服务供给模式，社区警务兼有邻里协会的志愿服务、社区居民的自我服务、社区保安的合同承包以及社区警察的政府服务等多种制度并存的性质。完善社区警务应立足于我国实际，坚持政府主导，加强理论研究，从改善警民关系入手，进一步扩大对一线民警的授权和深入开展文明创建活动。     

和谐社会视阈下微罪不诉的社区帮教机制探析

微罪不诉的社区帮教机制符合构建社会主义和谐社会与刑罚轻刑化的趋势要求,对实现民主法治、公平正义、诚信友爱、充满活力、安定有序的社会具有重要的现实意义。但该制度在我国尚处于探索阶段,试点中会遇到大量的理论和实践问题,应当严格把握微罪不诉的认定标准,规范微罪不诉社区帮教的接受和解除制度,针对社区帮教个案制定人性化帮教方案,建立和完善社区帮教人员选任制度,强化激励机制,细化考核标准,并完善相关配套制度以使我国微罪不诉的社区帮教机制取得较好的社会效果。     

社区矫正的制度化构想

社区矫正的机构构建应当遵循"大本土化"与"小本土化"相结合的路径来进行;社区矫正的队伍包括社区矫正官、专业矫正人员和志愿者三部分,应立足于我国的现状来培育这支队伍;应该建立科学可行的社区矫正工作经费保障制度。     

我国青少年犯罪社区矮正存在的问题与不足

我国从2003年7月起开展社区矫正试点工作，虽然社区矫正试点工作取得了良好的法律效果和社会效果，但仍存在较大的法律障碍和其他方面的不足。笔者主要从八个方面论述了我国青少年犯罪社区矫正存在的问题与不足，旨在对社区矫正的立法完善有所帮助。