福建省在押未成年人犯罪调查

通过文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、统计法,以福建省未成年犯管教所14￣16周岁被管教人员为研究对象,对其犯罪原因和特点进行分析,提出相应的预防对策,以便使家长、学校、社会对预防青少年犯罪的问题能引起高度重视,并能切实关心失足少年的身心健康。     

刑事案件"延长羁押期限"问题研究

我国现行的延长羁押制度对于成功地展开刑事追诉活动,防止嫌疑人、被告人逃避侦查和审判,避免其毁灭证据、串供甚至威胁证人、被害人等,都是卓有成效的;在不断的延长羁押过程中,嫌疑人、被告人也丧失了再犯新罪、自杀以及危害社会的能力。但作为一种沉重的代价,延长羁押制度法治化水平也确实是不高的,无论是延长羁押法定、程序保障、比例性等实体性原则,还是权力监督、司法救济等程序性原则,都没能在我国延长羁押制度中得以确立。拟通过分析延长羁押制度存在的问题,有针对性地提出改革、完善现行延长羁押制度的具体对策。     

我国审前羁押制度的不足与完善

我国当前的审前羁押制度并不完善，既未确立适用该制度的法律规则体系，也缺乏与之相适应的监督、救济机制，以至于其在具体适用中存在羁押率过高、超期羁押现象屡禁不绝等顽症。应当从加强控制、引入保释制度、建立健全监督、审查机制等方面对审前羁押制度进行完善。     

犯罪嫌疑人强制医疗制度初探

在当前社会关注的热点话题中，看病难、看病贵已经成为人民群众反映最为集中的问题之一。其实，不光是在广大群众中有这样的迫切反映，在司法机关实际办案过程中，也屡屡遇到类似的情况。在百度搜索“犯罪嫌疑人”“传染病”等关键字，搜索到的都是某些犯罪嫌疑人因身患传染病，公安机关无法处理或者用有限的经费为嫌疑人治疗的事例。本文探讨了这一现实中客观存在的法律及社会难题。     

从世界人权标准看我国的审前羁押现状——审前羁押制度研究之人权篇

人权问题是每个国家在社会进步历程中都不可回避的一个问题.在世界性的规范文件中,对审前羁押活动中所涉及到的有关被羁押人应受到的程序性保障以及具体待遇情况都作了非常详尽的规定.而从实际调研情况来看,我国则存在有适用上的常规性、关押上的长期性、待遇的非人道性、法律救助困难等非常严峻的问题.对此,我们有必要从一系列制度上,如程序公开、侦查利益排除、加强监督和最低限度权利保障等方面对其进行纠正.     

The role of prior punishment in preventive detention decisions

ABSTRACT

Preventive detention legislation allows for ongoing detention or supervision following completion of an offender’s sentence. Consideration of public protection should drive the administration of preventive detention, however research has indicated retributive concerns also drive decision making. Two studies were conducted to examine the motives driving preventive detention decisions, and how contextual variables affected the balance between retributive and public protection motives. In Study 1, participants were presented with information about an offender’s remorse, prior punishment, and risk of re-offence. In Study 2, participants were presented with information about an offender’s prior punishment and offence type, and the relative strength of various potential mediators was tested, to determine factors driving effects of prior punishment information. Overall, results demonstrated participants were driven by both retributive and public protection motives, as well as personal characteristics (e.g. political orientation, prejudice against offenders) when making preventive detention decisions. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for preventive detention legislation.     

建立逮捕必要性听取意见机制初探——以自由证明为视角

在当前的司法实践中,逮捕强制措施的滥用是一个严重的问题。导致这个问题的重要原因之一在于逮捕必要性条件没有得到足够重视。因此,有必要在现有的逮捕决定程序中增加听取意见的程序,以更为公平、公正的决定程序来增加逮捕决定的合理程度。     

比较法视野中的刑事强制措施

从比较法的角度看,我国刑事强制措施制度具有立法授权的分散性和实际权力的集中性、适用对象的特定性和适用目的的单一性等特点,但在体系上过度依赖羁押性手段,在制度设计上未能充分体现人权保障的精神,司法实践中"惩罚性"地适用强制措施以及追诉机关自我授权和执法违法的现象比较突出。为了保障公民的人身自由不受非法侵犯,应当对适用强制措施的权力进行重新分配,形成以强制到案的措施和强制候审的措施为基本类型的强制措施新体系,将取保候审设计为最常用的一种强制措施,并且完善相关的配套制度,健全适用强制措施过程中的权利救济机制。     

Self‐reported Mental Health Issues Among Arrestees in the Paris,France Area

We studied (May–September 2014) all arrestees who reported mental health issues during the medical examination performed by a forensic physician for the assessment of fitness for detention. Among 4814 arrestees, 420 (9%) reported a current mental health issue. The suspected crimes among arrestees reporting a current mental health issue were more often related to violent behaviors (physical assault, 23% vs. 16%, p < 0.001, sexual assault, 3% vs. 1%, p = 0.01) and less often drug offenses (18% vs. 29%, p < 0.001). Among arrestees reporting mental health issues, 80% reported psychiatric or psychological care, of whom 33% reported previous mental health care. Decisions of unfitness for detention were more frequent among arrestees reporting mental health issues than in other detainees (3% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). The high proportion of patients with interrupted mental health care among those reporting mental disorders suggests that the medical examination during custody could be a significant opportunity to restore psychiatric care.