看守所在押人员非正常死亡之反思

看守所在押人员非正常死亡的事件频繁曝光,已引起全社会的高度关注。在刑事诉讼活动中,要防止侦查权的滥用,有效保护犯罪嫌疑人的合法权利,就必须以科学、完善的法律和有效的权力监督制约来保障在押人员的合法权益,从而杜绝非正常死亡的发生。     

略论“鉴定留置”——由邓玉姣案说起

邓玉娇故意伤害案中的司法精神医学鉴定的过程,非常典型地暴露出了我国司法精神医学鉴定中有关＂鉴定留置＂制度缺位的严重问题。精神病鉴定虽然是一个医学问题,但它更是一个法律问题,我国对司法精神病鉴定制度的规定存在严重的缺失,对精神病鉴定等一系列问题的立法必须提升到我国立法的议事日程上来。对此,我们应当借鉴国外成熟经验,首先,应认识到对犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定是需要干涉公民人身自由的强制处分行为,并明确限定鉴定留置的范围。其次,对于鉴定留置的适用条件,在决定适用此措施之前必须听取鉴定人、辩护人意见,同时,鉴定留置措施只能适用于具有重大犯罪嫌疑的被指控人。再次,应明确规定对犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定的期间,在对犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定的期间不计羁押期限的基础上,明确犯罪嫌疑人精神病鉴定的时间,应当能够折抵刑期。     

对赋予看守所侦查权的深层思考

赋予看守所侦查权,使其获得侦查主体的资格,实际上是公安机关内部对侦查权的再次分配和完善。这既能使看守所深挖犯罪工作有法可依,又能充分整合和利用侦查资源,提高公安机关打击刑事犯罪的整体效能。     

看守所教育感化在押人员的新思路——以湖北省荆门市看守所为例

看守所作为国家刑事羁押机关,性质特殊、责任重大,务必牢固树立以人为本理念,更加注重文明管理、人性化管理,努力把监管工作的过程变成教育人、感化人、挽救人的过程,变成展示法治文明、维护公平正义、促进和谐稳定的过程。只有从观念转变开始,采取实实在在的教育感化措施,才能既确保在押人员的基本人权,又实现挽救人的目的。     

Low-Level,but High Speed?: Assessing Pretrial Detention Effects on the Timing and Content of Misdemeanor versus Felony Guilty Pleas

Abstract

While numerous studies have examined pretrial detention and felony case outcomes, little empirical attention has been devoted to misdemeanor pretrial detention. We theorize that misdemeanants detained for a longer proportion of time will plead guilty quicker because the costs of fighting their charges in jail often outweigh the sanctions they face. Utilizing data on 165,630 felony and misdemeanor cases from Miami-Dade County, Florida, during a 4-year period (2012–2015) we assess whether the effects of pretrial detention length on the timing and content of guilty pleas differ across lower-level and upper-level courts. Survival analyses and multinomial logistic regressions indicate that misdemeanor cases overall and those involving lengthier pretrial detention are resolved faster, with most resulting in non-carceral sanctions such as credit for time served (CTS). Given that misdemeanors make-up the bulk of U.S. criminal cases, these findings reveal important insights about how pretrial detention impacts case-processing dynamics in lower courts.     

论新刑事诉讼法视阈下看守所归属问题

我国新刑事诉讼法中对看守所的职能定位有了进一步的明确与完善,但对看守所隶属调整问题并未涉及。为了适应新刑事诉讼法的总体要求,管理看守所的上级部门分别从羁押理念、羁押管理、羁押形态、羁押目标等四个方面进行调整。但以上调整举措治标不治本,无法根除看守所现有弊病。因此,把看守所划归司法行政部门才是解决问题的根本之道。     

Notes on the Canadian exception: security certificates in critical context

This paper attempts to place the Canadian security certificate program in critical context. The program is a mechanism of arbitrary detention targeted to non-citizens the state has certified as ‘threats’ to national security. As a mechanism of arbitrary detention the program fully locates Canadian policies inside of, and not in some manner external to, the worst abuses and ‘exceptional practices’ associated with the ‘global war on terror’. To place this program in critical context, the author draws upon the notion of ‘exception’. Although the security certificate program does invoke an exceptional practice in the terms made legible in recent discussions in critical security studies, it also points to ways in which critical discussions of ‘exception’ might be deepened and complicated. To this end, the paper put forwards the notion of the ‘legal complex’ to highlight the mundane and often contested ways in which the exception is invoked to certify which racialized bodies might be governed as political citizens and which will be governed as ‘bare life’.     

非羁押性刑事强制措施探析

刑事强制措施的改革是刑事审前程序改革的要害所在,而非羁押性刑事强制措施的设计是否科学、适用是否公正,不仅对整个刑事强制措施体系有着直接影响,而且也关系到每个被追诉者,甚至每个公民人身自由权的保障。应当正确认识非羁押性刑事强制措施,重构刑事强制措施体系。     

论庭审实质化的体系化构建——以“顾雏军案”再审为例

落实庭审实质化是实现以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革目标的关键,是对复杂刑事案件进行公正审判的必要条件。“顾雏军案”的再审纠错过程,体现了庭前会议制度的运用与直接言词审理原则的贯彻对于体系化构建庭审实质化的重要作用,为实现复杂刑事案件的公正审判带来了诸多有益启示。庭审实质化的实现,不仅需要完善庭前会议制度以及直接言词审理原则的相关制度,更需要刑事诉讼办案人员提升执业素养与办案理念。