论看守所监管工作存在的问题与改革

随着社会法治进程的推进和社会监督透明度的提高,对看守所监管工作的规范化、法制化和文明化呼声日趋强烈。看守所监管工作中长期存在的自杀、自残、变相超期羁押、刑讯逼供等问题在媒体曝光下备受关注;看守所在积极改进的同时,又要应对高压态势下民警的工作压力、与刑侦机关及媒体的关系等新问题,倍感艰难。因此,树立理性的法律思维、协调好公平与效率的关系、重视领导者的科学决策和民警的责任意识,是看守所监管工作改革的方向与重点。     

刑事拘留时间抵偿行政拘留时间的必要性

行政拘留与刑事拘留都是由公安机关对具有违法或犯罪的人作出或执行的。司法实践中,两种拘留有连续使用的情况,这不利于保护人权。应以刑事拘留时间折抵行政拘留时间,并在法律中予以明确规定,这样才能更好地保护当事人的合法权益。     

民事审前调解程序的构建

法院调解历来是解决民事纠纷的重要途径,针对我国传统法院调解中＂调审合一＂、＂调解与审判功能混淆＂的弊端,民事审判制度的改革提出了＂调审分离＂的改革方案。审前调解就是实现调解程序和审判程序分离,是在立案后开庭审理之前,由法院专门调解人员主持下进行的调解。审前调解程序具有当事人处分权优先性、独立性、契约性、职业化和专业化的特征,具有不同于审判程序的调解原则和程序设置。     

浅论看守所职能与深挖犯罪的关系

随着社会治安形势的不断变化,侦破和打击犯罪亟需新的模式与手段,因此,看守所制度也受到了很大的影响和冲击,深挖犯罪已成为看守所工作实践中的一项重要职能,这项职能的运用具有充分的优势和不可替代性。但是,由于立法的滞后,这项权利的运用也存在着诸多弊端和亟需解决的问题,明析和界定看守所的职能,发挥其在侦破案件中的优势,对打击犯罪具有重要意义。     

Bordering solidarities: migrant activism and the politics of movement and camps at Calais

The proliferation of more restrictive border controls governing global mobility provides important sites of crystallization through which differentiated and stratified rights to movement are produced, negotiated, and reimagined. One such form, the detention of migrants, is often understood through a logic of exception as the exclusion of unwanted migrants from the borders of the political community. Critical scholarship on detention informed by an autonomous migration perspective suggests a more nuanced reading of detention as the differential inclusion of migrants through positions of precariousness, transformations of legal statuses and subjectivities, and control over the direction and temporality of migratory flows. Building on this trajectory, this paper argues that the very meaning of the camp also needs to be brought into the analysis of a politics of migration and of control. For spaces of detention are sites of contestation that can be used by migrants (and those in solidarity with them) as resources to navigate border controls, reimagine political community and subjectivities and through which migrants engage in practices of citizenship. Reflecting on the destruction of the migrant camps in and around Calais, the paper examines three different images of the camp space known as ‘the jungle’ and draws attention to camp spaces as social and political spaces, in which the struggles to define them are an integral part of what is at stake in the struggle between a politics of control and a politics of migration.     

刑事强制措施体系及其完善

刑事强制措施可以分为以抓捕、截停、带到为目的的措施和以保证被告人出席审判为目的的措施两大类。为防止政府权力的滥用,西方国家从适当根据、令状主义、迅速带见法官等方面对羁押之前的抓捕、截停进行了规制;从羁押适用的法定理由、决定主体、上诉救济以及迅速审判等多个角度对审判前的羁押进行了规制。在我国,刑事强制措施也涵括了以拘留为中心、以留置盘问、公民扭送为补充的抓捕、截停、带到措施,以及以逮捕为术语标志的审前羁押措施和以取保候审、监视居住为形式的审前释放措施,并对这些措施设置了与西方大体相当而又略有差别的规制机制。尽管我国现行刑事强制措施体系较为完备,但仍需从拘留的临时化、逮捕羁押的司法化以及监视居住的自由化等方面进行完善。     

Assessing the Impact of the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI): Predictors of Secure Detention and Length of Stay Before and After JDAI

The Annie E. Casey Foundation’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative (JDAI) seeks to reduce the reliance on pre-dispositional detention. While anecdotal evidence indicates that the program has enjoyed some success in reducing detention populations, no controlled study has assessed the efficacy of the program. The current study investigated the impact of JDAI following its adoption in one Virginia juvenile court. Specifically, using data on all juveniles referred to intake over a seven-year period, the research analyzed predictors of detention and length of stay before and after JDAI. Results indicate that after the implementation of JDAI, greater emphasis was placed on legal factors including offense seriousness and prior record, though the increased emphasis was greater for non-whites than for white youth. Additionally, results suggest that after JDAI’s adoption, older non-white youth were more likely to receive secure detention while non-white females received some degree of leniency compared to non-white males.     

The Impact of a Risk Assessment Instrument on Juvenile Detention Decision-making: A Check on “Perceptual Shorthand” and “Going Rates”?

This study assesses the impact of a juvenile detention risk assessment instrument (RAI) on decision-making in five New Jersey counties. It uses a pretest–posttest design, drawing on a sample of decisions matched across time periods using propensity scores (N = 1,432). It suggests that the RAI, supported by other reforms, lowers overall rates of detention. Though evidence is not strong, findings suggest the RAI may have reduced reliance on “perceptual shorthand” variables reflected in the juvenile’s age and the time of day of the decision. There is stronger evidence that the RAI increased reliance on the specific factors contained within its risk score. There is also evidence that RAI reduced disparities in detention rates across counties, perhaps by diminishing the importance of “going rates” for detention, rooted in local courtroom workgroups.     

监所检察监督的问题与对策探析

近年来,各级检察机关认真落实最高人民检察院《关于加强和改进监所检察工作的决定》,加大了对刑罚执行和监管活动的监督力度,监管执法的能力和水平明显提升,侵害在押人员合法权益的问题得到了有效遏制。但是在押人员非正常死亡、违法变更刑罚执行等问题尚未在司法实践中得到彻底解决,监所检察仍然是检察机关法律监督中的薄弱环节。这些不足和问题,反映了当前监所检察运行在监督理念、基础保障、监督方式等方面还有待加强和改进。因此,坚持"三个维护"的监所检察指导思想,加强监所检察建设,促进工作机制和监督方式创新,应是我们完善监所检察监督必须认真研究和思考的问题。     

论我国未决羁押制度的完善

在我国未决羁押作为限制嫌疑人人身自由的强制手段,完全依附拘留、逮捕程序,而没有形成独立的司法控制系统,导致了超期羁押的出现。本文立足我国未决羁押现状,借鉴西方国家未决羁押制度先进经验,从转变司法理念入手,确立分权原则,实现未决羁押申请权与决定权分离,建构未决羁押司法审查机制．以适应新形势的要求。