Questioning Appeals to Community within Crime Prevention and Control

This article casts a critical eye over some of the (often ignored) assumptions which underlie recent appeals to community in crime prevention and control. The article considers the philosophical origins, ambiguities and tensions within such appeals. In so doing, it draws explicitly upon the growth of community safety and to a lesser extent restorative justice in Britain and considers some of the implications to which this shift may give rise. In particular, it focuses upon the manner in which appeals to community converge and collide with changing social relations which may undermine their progressive potential. Specific attention is given to the implications of: increasing social and spatial dislocation; the commodification of security; and policy debates about a growing underclass. It is argued that there is much confusion as to how, and to what extent, communities can contribute to the construction of social order. Within the dynamics of community safety and crime control practices there are dangers that security differentials may become increasingly significant characteristics of wealth and status with implications for social exclusion. This questions the extent to which crime is an appropriate vehicle around which to (re)construct open and tolerant communities.     

Overview of: “Crime Place and Pollution: Expanding Crime Reduction Options Through a Regulatory Approach”

Research Summary Crime reduction policy has focused almost exclusively on offenders. Recent studies and evaluations show that expanding our policy portfolio to include places may be highly productive. We show that there is considerable research showing that crime is concentrated at a relatively few locations, that high-crime places are stable, that changing places can reduce crime, that displacement is not only far from inevitable but also less likely than the diffusion of crime prevention benefits, and that owners of high-crime places can be held accountable for the criminogenic conditions of their locations. We link these findings to environmental policy, where environmental scientists, economists, and regulators have developed a broad set of regulatory options. The core of this article describes a portfolio of environmental policy instruments directly applicable to crime places. We also discuss major decisions local governments will need to make to implement various forms of regulation, and we list challenges that governments must anticipate in planning for such implementation. We argue that a regulatory approach to crime places has the potential to lower the cost to taxpayers of reducing crime by shifting costs from governments to the relatively few place owners whose actions create crime-facilitating conditions. Policy Implications Taking a regulatory approach to crime places substantially expands the crime policy options under consideration. Regulatory options may increase local governments’ effectiveness at reducing crime while reducing governments’ costs. This is because regulatory approaches have the potential to shift some portion of the financial burden for crime fighting to owners of criminogenic locations. Policy makers can select between means-based anticrime regulations that focus on how place owners manage their locations and ends-based regulations that focus on the number of crimes allowed at places. Both of these approaches contain several alternative regulatory instruments, each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Experimenting with various regulatory instruments could lead to the development of a range of new crime reduction policies. In addition, a regulatory approach has implications for the funding of policy research. Means-based regulatory instruments require governments to develop evidence that the means they regulate have the desired impact on crime. Ends-based regulatory instruments shift this burden to the regulated places.     

后奥运的首都社会治安防控体系建设

文章结合全球金融危机的新形势和背景,根据奥运安保的成功经验提出了后奥运时代加强首都社会治安防控体系建设的一些思考。     

消防行政征用补偿初探

消防行政征用补偿是指消防行政补偿主体因合法征用给相对人的合法权益造成特别损失,而由国家对其损失进行补救的行为。现行法律法规为其实施提供了一定的法律依据,但缺乏操作性。系统的消防行政征用法律制度应当包括补偿义务机关和补偿请求人、补偿的范围、补偿的程序、补偿的方式和标准、补偿的费用等主要内容。     

以经济分析法论侦查效益与犯罪防控

对刑事侦查和犯罪预防与控制进行经济分析,是用效益所体现和蕴涵的理性价值反衬现实侦查制度的缺陷与不足,理性思考犯罪预防与控制的社会效益与科学性,并以效益理论为指导,对社会资源加以优化配置,以达到维护社会秩序、保证社会安定的目的,同时为犯罪预防与控制的功能和必要性提供经济学视野的理论支撑。     

让司法走进民间——澳大利亚邻里司法中心

随着我国基层法制化进程不断发展,社区司法建设也被赋予重要的地位。邻里司法中心作为一个社区司法中心,是澳大利亚司法体系的革新,也是一种首创。邻里司法中心旨在提高所有参与人(包括受害者、被告、证人以及社区居民)对司法制度的信任,成为澳大利亚社区司法的成功典范,其经验值得借鉴。     

我国土壤污染防治立法研究

我国目前在土壤污染防治方面不仅没有专门性单行法律、法规,而且在《环境保护法》等法律、法规中也只有些零散规定,防治土壤污染的法律基本上是一项空白,缺乏系统的、可操作性的具体法律制度。立法的缺乏直接导致环境管理权的缺乏,这与土壤污染的严峻形势及其防治的实际需要很不相适应,在土壤污染防治问题的原因分析中,几乎都将政策与法律的缺失问题作为最主要原因之一。为了使土壤污染防治有法可依,需要健全和完善土壤污染防治法律、法规体系,目前,最亟需制定的是一部综合性的土壤污染防治的法律,对我国土壤污染防治的目的、基本原则、管理体制和主要制度作出规定。     

国际法上的风险预防原则

风险预防原则已经成为国际和国内环境保护法律制度的一项重要的基本原则。该原则要求我们在进行任何的经济活动之前就对该活动可能会对自然环境和生态系统造成的影响进行风险预测,并相应采取针对性的措施,从而更好地保护自然环境和生态系统。但如何将该原则运用到危险废物越境转移领域,仍然有待我们进行理论上的探讨。应加强对危险废物越境转移中运用该原则等方面的探讨。     

东亚、东南亚土壤污染防治法评析

与中国相邻的东亚、东南亚地区,土壤污染防治立法十分活跃,特别是其中的日本、韩国和中国台湾地区,还制定了专门性的土壤污染防治法及其配套法规。本文从立法背景、立法模式等方面,对这些立法及其施行经验予以评析,并对我国正在进行的土壤污染防治立法提供借鉴。     

谈信息技术在消防产品监督管理工作中的应用

火灾是一种可防可控但无法消灭的灾害之一，目前在全世界呈上升趋势。有效防控火灾的方法之一就是使用更加有效的消防产品。加强消防产品的监管是提高产品有效率、使其在火灾防控中切实发挥作用的必要措施。将信息技术引入消防产品管理．不仅可以提高工作效率、减少人为干扰．同时可以解决长期困扰消防机构的在消防产品监管当中底数不清、情况不明的问题。