中美复合战略稳定关系:建构依据、基本框架与发展趋势

中美战略稳定关系已经超越经典战略稳定性,向着复合战略稳定关系的方向演化。建构中美复合战略稳定关系是稳定两国关系的客观需要。彼此战略竞争加剧给中美之间非均势核威慑基础上的战略稳定性带来负面影响。在美国提高核力量于国家安全战略中的地位、将核武器重新作为霸权工具的背景下,中美战略稳定性面临挑战。特朗普政府对中国挑起贸易争端,经贸关系在中美关系中的“稳定器”和“压舱石”作用减弱,建构中美复合战略稳定关系的必要性凸显。中美之间经济深度相互依存,在维护国际体系稳定方面具有共同利益,这为建构中美复合战略稳定关系奠定了坚实的基础。中美复合战略稳定关系框架包括建立在非均势核威慑基础上的战略稳定性、双方经济的深度相互依存、战略互信、双方对话交流与合作机制等四根支柱,其中以非均势核威慑基础上的战略稳定性为核心支柱。虽然中美战略互信存在短板,但随着中国战略核力量的进步、中美经济相互依存的继续维持和双方对话交流与合作机制的成熟和完善,中美复合战略稳定关系将不断巩固。     

The Greening of the Americas

ABSTRACT

This paper evaluates global capital’s ecological management and extends the assessment to the “green economy,” as developed in the first “green” neoliberal project, in Costa Rica. Costa Rica has been an important “laboratory” for experimentation in environmental governance mechanisms using debt-for-nature financial exchanges and other instruments of the Kyoto Protocol. I explore how “greening” can be understood as a new phase of capital accumulation, as I go into its five main aspects.     

Preventive action and conflict mitigation in Nigeria’s 2015 elections

Prior to the 2015 Nigerian general elections, there were concerns that the fierce political contest would lead to electoral violence in the country. However, the elections were conducted peacefully, with fewer disputes and election-related deaths than previous elections. This study accounts for the fall in the level of electoral violence in Nigeria and discusses the lessons that Nigeria’s experience presents. It argues that the avoidance of destructive electoral disputes in Nigeria was the result of preventive action taken by the country’s electoral commission, civil society groups, and development partners. The specific preventive actions taken include innovations in election administration aimed at enhancing electoral transparency and credibility, election security measures such as early warning and peace messaging, and preventive diplomacy urging the main candidates and the political elite to embrace peace. The key lesson that can be drawn from Nigeria’s experience is that a well thought out conflict prevention strategy should be an integral part of electoral governance, especially in countries with a high risk of electoral violence.     

试论刑事诉讼法律监督工作机制的完善

刑事诉讼监督权是检察机关诉讼监督权的核心,包括侦查监督权、刑事审判监督权、刑罚执行监督权,其中,侦查监督权包含刑事立案监督权.诉讼监督机制是实现诉讼监督权,达到诉讼监督效果的途径.为解决影响司法公正的突出问题,应在现有法律框架内,对刑事诉讼监督机制予以完善与创新.     

虚假诉讼的模型化识别及防范治理——基于诉讼结构的视角

民事诉讼领域里虚假诉讼所涉及的诉讼结构主体,包括原被告、审判方以及关联方:监督方、律师、受害第三者。虚假诉讼原告的直接目的是取得法院生效的民事判决或调解书,最终目的是为自己谋取不正当的利益;虚假诉讼标的基本表现为财产权纠纷;虚假诉讼缺乏真实意义上的诉讼理由。虚假诉讼内涵的七大识别点,显露于构筑其模型的各要素及其相互关系中。防范与治理虚假诉讼,要通过立法与制度,规范诉讼主体、审判方和律师,加强检察机关对虚假诉讼的监督,健全对受害第三者的救济。     

Convergence Criteria for Participation in the Flexible Mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol

We suggest a multi-layered system of three convergence criteria – similar to those used in the run-up to the European monetary union – that define the notion of "demonstrable progress" towards reaching the emission commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. These are the existence of an independently evaluated national emissions inventory, the level of domestic policies and measures, and the quantitative convergence of emissions towards the Kyoto target. While the first of these criteria constitutes a necessary condition for use of the Kyoto Mechanisms, the other two should determine the degree of participation allowed for any given Annex I country.     

监狱人民警察心理健康保障机制的构建与完善

监狱人民警察作为一个特殊的职业群体,集多种社会角色于一身,易产生心理冲突。大量研究表明,心理健康问题正严重威胁着监狱人民警察的生存状态,极大地降低了他们的生活质量,并严重影响其工作热情和效率。加强监狱人民警察心理健康问题研究,构建与完善监狱人民警察心理健康保障机制,具有十分重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

农地抵押风险及预防机制分析——基于“三位一体”综合农协视角

农地流转是"三农"现代化进程中的重要环节。目前国内农地流传中的抵押现象引人注目,此问题关键在于农地抵押的风险及预防机制。运营体系自成一体的综合农协内在组织能力具有化解农地抵押风险的功能。"风险—中介—化解"程式表明综合农协主要部门在相关风险对接上能较好进行匹配。本文以"三位一体"农协为出发点,总结出促进农地抵押实现的以供销社、合作社以及信用社为桥梁的预防机制。     

网络交易的纠纷解决机制探析——基于民间法与国家法互补的视角

高风险一度是网络交易发展的瓶颈所在。近年来,网络交易平台发挥网络科技的优势,为交易者提供了一些独特的风险防范和纠纷解决机制,极大地促进了网络交易的发展规模。但此种民间型机制的局限和优势一样明显,未能有效＂定分止争＂。要真正保障网络交易的稳定发展,最大程度上解决交易纠纷,除进一步发展和规范民间型机制外,尚需对传统的官方型机制予以适当的＂网络化改造＂,最终形成两者的良性互补。     

暴力袭警案件发生的原因及其预防对策

现在袭警现象频发、社会治安严峻,应从社会治安、执法现状、立法概况、自身素质、心理防范等方面分析暴力袭警的深层次原因,采取综合措施预防和遏制暴力袭警案件发生。