Monopoly defeating mechanisms: Will they function in the digital world?

History reveals that ‘copyright’ was originally monopolistic (in the early fifteenth century) and remained so until the enactment of the Statute of Anne in 1709. Since then copyright has striven to maintain a delicate balance between incentive to authors and avoiding monopolistic stagnation. To achieve these goals, certain monopoly-defeating mechanisms have been adopted such as: fair use, public domain, the idea/expression dichotomy and the exhaustion doctrine. Recently, however, with the implementation of new laws: for instance the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1988), the EU Copyright Directive (2001), and the implementation of the EU Copyright and Related Rights Regulation amending the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988, there is a growing concern that the mechanisms which were enacted to defeat the monopoly will not work in the digital medium. With the provision of affixing technological measures to copyrighted works and the non-application of the exhaustion doctrine in the digital world, arguably the monopoly defeating mechanisms have been disabled. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the way monopoly defeating mechanisms are becoming non-functional in the digital world. Furthermore, the study also demonstrates how the European Copyright Directive and the UK implementation of the Directive has transgressed the boundary of exclusive rights set by the two World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties – the World Copyright Treaty (WCT) and the WIPO Performers and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) – and copyright law, thereby strengthening the copyright owner's rights in a way that was never intended by the WIPO treaties or by copyright law. Consequently, the new laws have also shifted copyright's attention from commercial pirates to non-commercial individual users. The study aims to demonstrate how the shift took place and finally, trace the recurrence of the monopoly; giving rise to a situation where there is no fair use/dealing, no public domain, no idea/expression distinction and no exhaustion doctrine.     

高等教育产业化与高校治安保卫

教育产业化是当前我国高教改革的重要举措,它使高校环境发生了诸多变化,给高校治安保卫工作带来了新的挑战。应对新的挑战,就必须更新观念,围绕市场化实施与新环境相适应的安全管理机制。     

析公安机关存在的腐败现象及防治措施

司法部门应该是惩治腐败的主要力量,如果自身不能做到清正廉洁,就难以指望其担当反腐重任了。当前,公安机关应有针对性地做好防治腐败的六项措施。即:一是深入开展党风廉政教育;二是反腐倡廉要从领导干部抓起;三是建章立制,强化监督机制;四是严肃法纪,查处大案要案;五是从优待警,保廉养廉;六是严把进人关,健全淘汰机制。     

构建公共服务的协同机制:一个界定性框架

在公共服务多元主体供给中,存在着多主体和多部门导致的公共服务供给碎片化问题。要解决这种碎片化困境,必须探索构建公共服务供给的协同机制。本文从"目标"和"利益"两个变量出发,来构建公共服务协同机制的分析框架,提出科层制协同、沟通性协同、公-私协同、战略性协同四种协同机制,并结合相关案例分析,来阐释每一种协同机制的内在关系和实现机制。     

涉众型经济犯罪问题浅析

涉众型经济犯罪是危害国家经济秩序、动摇社会稳定、诱发群体性事件的重要因素,已成为政法机关、社会管控部门乃至法学界关注的重点。文章针对涉众型经济犯罪的特点及成因进行了分析,认为应采取有效防范对策,以保护广大人民群众的合法权益,维护社会主义市场经济秩序和社会和谐稳定。     

Suspect Communities—Targeting Violent Extremism at the Local Level: Policies of Engagement in Amsterdam,Berlin, and London

Throughout Europe, authorities have set up new policy measures and programs to curb homegrown violent extremists. This article describes local policy responses to violent Islamic extremism—and/or the mere threat of it—in the neighborhoods Oost in Amsterdam, Moabit and Soldiner Kiez in Berlin, and Tower Hamlets in London. Based on locally conducted fieldwork, the study compares and contrasts these neighborhoods’ approaches and aims to make a first assessment of their effects. A major finding for all three cities is that authorities target the entire local Muslim community rather than a few select individuals. This can lead to the construction of suspect communities, an approach with possible paradoxical effects on targeting actual violent extremists. Suspect communities subsequently create stigmatization, exclusion, and possibly marginalization, which not only has negative consequences for involved groups, but may well produce a breeding ground for future violence. However, the author did not find that engagement with Islamic organizations or individuals was used to directly change the nature of local Muslim communities. Orthodox and non-violent extremist organizations and individuals in all three cities were potential partners for engagement, which probably lowers the chance of stigmatizing the suspect communities.     

谈驾驶员有效预防汽车火灾

文章针对当前汽车火灾多发的形势,比较系统地分析了造成汽车火灾发生的原因和汽车火灾的特点,有针对性地提出了预防汽车火灾的具体措施、汽车火灾的扑救措施及逃生方法,旨在加强汽车行业的消防安全管理,预防汽车火灾事故的发生,确保行车安全。     

农村青少年犯罪问题探析--以贺州市为例

当前农村青少年犯罪问题日益突出,严重危害人民群众的生命财产安全,影响社会主义和谐社会的构建.本文结合贺州农村实际情况,试图通过对贺州农村青少年犯罪的特点及其原因的分析,提出预防和减少青少年犯罪的对策和建议.     

关于建立一警双机三管控的调查与思考

推行一警双机三管控机制,主要是通过以社区(责任区)民警为轴心,以社区(责任区)为单位投入户协员、保安员、巡防队员管控辅警力量,可以使松散的群防群治队伍变成具有内在紧密联系的整体,从而构成完整的社区(责任区)治安防范网络。     

由双边契约到习惯规范：一种演化机制的阐释

对于习惯规范产生问题的阐释,除了＂法的确信＂理论外,另有＂契约机制＂理论。于契约机制而言,习惯规范的产生是一个由双边契约演化而生发的过程。在双边契约的演化机制中,主要包括两个部分,即双边契约的扩散机制和前置模式。其中,扩散机制是演化的主体,而前置模式则是必不可少的组成部分。