A Study of Fatal and Nonfatal Hangings

Approximately 50% of all suicides performed worldwide are strangulations. This article presents options for the medicolegal examination of hanging. The pathogenetic mechanisms and clinical pictures of victims are discussed. Examples of the process of diagnosis and expert conclusions are given. This article is intended for physicians and forensic pathologists. The literature focusing on asphyxia by strangulation is reviewed. Data from Vilnius Hospitals and the State Forensic Medicine Service concerning strangulations performed between 2012 and 2014 are analyzed and include the findings of 5650 autopsies (36% asphyxia) and 4 survived victims. The predominant symptoms were neurological, cardiovascular, and respiratory symptoms. After asphyxia, patients should consult by a psychiatrist, ophthalmologist, gastroenterologist, and endocrinologist. A ligature mark was the most observable sign of asphyxia by neck strangulation. Only complications in the poststrangulation period were treated. Mechanical asphyxia must be identified as the main injury in the clinical diagnosis and encoded as ICD‐10.     

The role of set-shifting ability in differentiating between subgroups of female violent offenders

The aim of the present study was to extend the current understanding of the relationship between executive functions and violent crime in women. This was done by investigating whether set-shifting ability differentiated between subgroups of female violent offenders, with regard to criminal diversity and frequency of violent offenses. The study was conducted in a nationwide sample of 42 women imprisoned for violent crimes. Important characteristics common in violent offenders, such as certain personality disorders and substance abuse, were taken into account. The results indicated that offenders who only committed violent crimes had poorer set-shifting ability and less frequently personality disorders than offenders who had also committed non-violent crimes. Set-shifting ability was not connected to violent crime frequency.     

社会主义初级阶段的历史定位

资本主义生产力的发展、生产社会化的扩大要求社会主义 ,资本主义生产力发展受到阻碍、生产社会化不能进展也要求社会主义。社会主义初级阶段是落后国家发展社会生产力的必然要求。社会主义初级阶段的理论和实践进一步丰富了马克思主义的历史发展图式     

基于糖皮质激素给药阶段辨证治疗原发性肾病综合征31例

目的 在不同的激素治疗阶段,观察中医辨证治疗原发性肾病综合征（primary nephrotic syndrome, PNS）的增效减毒作用。方法 将62例PNS患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组31例。对照组给予泼尼松治疗,按首始量、减量、维持量规范用药。在对照组治疗的基础上,治疗组在不同的激素治疗阶段,分别采用解毒祛湿益肾养阴、清热利湿益气养阴、补益脾肾的中医治法。在不同的激素治疗阶段,分别观察并比较两组的疾病疗效、中医证候疗效、尿蛋白疗效及不良反应发生率,以及24 h尿蛋白定量、血浆白蛋白（albumin, ALB）、三酰甘油（triglyceride, TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）和肾功能。结果 在激素减量阶段,治疗组中医证候总有效率和尿蛋白完全缓解率均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,向心性肥胖、精神兴奋、痤疮、血糖升高、肝功能受损的发生率均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;在激素维持量阶段,治疗组疾病总缓解率、中医证候总缓解率和尿蛋白完全缓解率均显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,以及向心性肥胖、精神兴奋、痤疮的发生率均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。在激素减量和维持量阶段,治疗组在升高血浆ALB,降低24 h尿蛋白和血浆TG、TC水平方面均显著优于对照组（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。结论 在不同的糖皮质激素给药阶段,中医辨证论治能够显著提高糖皮质激素治疗PNS的效果,减轻其不良反应,具有增效减毒的作用。     

一篇尘封26年的立法建议——对监狱工作方针的早期研究

监狱工作方针历经多次变革,至今日趋完善。然而,任何立法的过程都凝结着科研工作者和立法决策者的心血,有时还要打破种种思想束缚。可以说,立法的日趋完善体现着法制建设的进步和民主进程的发展,也是建设社会主义和谐社会所必需的。     

对农村基层组织建设着眼于长远的建议

加强农村基层组织建设应着眼于长远,推进体制和机制创新,建立和完善统筹协调农村基层组织建设、推进农村和谐稳定的体制机制;改革和完善以村集体经济为基础、以村民利益为纽带、以村民意愿为内涵的村民自治机制;建立和完善安置、组织管理失地农民的体制机制;建立和完善农村人力资源开发体制机制,以有利于逐步解决深层次的、长期存在的问题。     

新农村建设中的农村基层党组织建设途径探析

农村基层党组织是社会主义新农村建设的政治和组织保障。随着社会主义市场经济的不断发展,农村基层党组织面临着许多新情况,产生了许多新问题,需要从组织的设置形式、党员素质、队伍建设、"两委"关系、干部待遇等方面,积极加强农村基层党组织的建设。     

Psychopathy in a mixed gender sample of adult stalkers

The authors present data on a mixed gender sample of 78 adult stalking perpetrators, each of whom was assessed with the Psychopathy Checklist:Screening Version (PCL:SV). Results indicate a generally low frequency of psychopathy in this group, although 15% of the sample was composed of psychopaths. Comparisons between this sample and other forensic samples indicate that both the frequency and degree of psychopathy were lower in the stalking group. The findings support previous theory and empirical findings, including the concept that underlying attachment pathology among stalkers and psychopaths is quite different, and psychopathy--in contrast to other areas of violence risk assessment--is usually not relevant when evaluating dangerousness among stalkers.