The PCL-R and violent recidivism in a prospective follow-up of a nationwide sample of female offenders

Psychopathy has been linked to violent reoffending in men, but the findings in women have been contradictory. The aim of this study was to examine the predictive validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) for violent recidivism in a nationwide sample of female violent offenders. The offenders (n = 48) had been assessed by the PCL-R and were followed after their release from prison or a psychiatric hospital. The average follow-up period was 8 years. Of the offenders, 16 (33%) had been reconvicted of a violent crime. Current findings of the performance indicators did not support the use of the PCL-R as a predictive instrument assessing risk of violent recidivism in females. The findings indicate that impulsivity plays a crucial role in female violent recidivism and that the PCL-R should be used with caution in risk assessment with female populations.     

当代台湾中小学道德教育概览及启示

台湾中小学的道德教育,面对时代发展的潮流和教育改革的需要,产生了较大的变化,其德育课程改革的成功经验和不足之处,值得我们密切关注。台湾道德教育具有课程整合原则下的分散性、能力指标凸显下的渐进性、一纲多本政策下的灵活性、多元评价取向下的实践性等特点。在发挥隐性德育的作用、德育课程的开发、德育的回归生活、德育环境的培育等四个方面,其改革的经验和教训对祖国大陆道德教育改革具有重要的启示意义。     

Examining psychopathy from an attachment perspective: the role of fear of rejection and abandonment

A key feature of psychopathy, a self-centered orientation towards others and a failure to truly connect, is poorly understood. The attachment framework can be used to examine underlying interpersonal mechanisms. Because of the overall failure to connect, we anticipated, and found, in a large undergraduate sample (n?=?1074) that both affective-interpersonal traits and impulsive-irresponsible psychopathy facets were positively related to attachment avoidance. Different dynamics may underlie this distancing from others, as evidenced by the fact that callous-unemotionality was negatively related to attachment anxiety, whereas grandiose-manipulative and impulsive-irresponsible traits were positively related to attachment anxiety. Although effect sizes were small and are of correlational nature, our results are in line with a dual deficit model that differential developmental trajectories, largely heritable callousness vs. neglecting and abusive parenting, may lead to adult psychopathy. The differentiating role of fear of rejection and abandonment for the psychopathy construct is discussed.     

广西地区首发原发性肝癌患者体质状况调查

目的 研究广西地区首发原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer, PLC)患者体质分布状况。方法 采用中华中医药学会发布的《中医体质分类与判定》标准对147例广西地区首发PLC患者的体质类型进行辨识，对各种体质类型的频数分布进行统计学描述。结果 患者的体质类型分布为：平和质55例(37.4%)，气虚质9例(6.1%)，阳虚质12例(8.2%)，阴虚质2例(1.4%)，痰湿质6例(4.1%)，湿热质29例（19.7%），血瘀质18例（12.2%），气郁质7例(4.8%)，特禀质9例(6.1%)。广西地区首发PLC患者的偏颇体质主要以湿热质、血瘀质和阳虚质3种体质为主，PLC患者的体质存在显著的性别差异(P<0.01)。男性以湿热质、血瘀质为主，而女性以阳虚质、血瘀质为主。结论 广西地区PLC患者偏颇体质以湿热质为主，血瘀体质是PLC的高发体质。