Recent Trends in Sentencing Policies in the Netherlands

This article considers sentencing in the Netherlands and in particular the changes that have been introduced since the 1980s, both in the adult and in the juvenile justice system. Several questions will be treated in the article. Sentencing in the Netherlands in the last two decades is analysed and some explanations for the changing trends are presented. Results indicate that the Netherlands is following a general pattern, prevalent in Europe and the US, of more punitive and repressive punishment. Also, the extent to which new sentencing options, such as community sanctions have made a difference to the upward trend in imprisonment, will be analysed. In an effort to reduce the costs of the system new policies are being developed, introducing both 'front door' and 'back door' varieties in sentencing. These will lead to some important and radical changes in the criminal justice system.     

论监狱的功能——以监狱的社会属性为研究视角

监狱是社会制度发展的附属物，也是刑罚发展的衍生物。监狱作为国家刑罚的执行机关，同时又是社会安全的保障机器。监狱是属于社会属性的范畴，监狱与社会在逻辑上是部分与整体的关系，监狱的这种根植于社会的属性，决定了监狱与社会有不可分割的关系。对社会来说，监狱的存在即是发挥着它在社会中应有的作用。监狱是维护社会秩序的工具，监狱作为刑罚执行的最主要主体，国家通过刑罚来保障社会公共安全和社会秩序的稳定，彰显着其独特的隔离关押、犯罪控制和罪犯再社会化的社会功能。     

明清州县监狱狱囚生活处遇制度研究

狱囚的生活处遇是监狱管理的一项重要内容，与前代相比，明清时期，州县监狱在狱囚生活处遇方面的制度和法规都有了明显进步，达到了相当完善的程度，但是，这些制度与规定在许多时候都不能得到切实的执行，狱囚的生活仍然相当悲惨。这表明，在古代社会，狱囚的生活处遇制度并不意味着承认囚犯的人权，而是为了体现统治者的仁厚，狱囚生活处遇的实际情况很大程度上受制于政治的清明程度，这使狱囚的生活待遇缺乏稳定性和保障。     

论和谐语境下对监狱服刑罪犯的宽容

在监狱行刑工作中,贯彻落实构建社会主义和谐社会的总体要求就是要凝神聚力地推进行刑现代化的进程。培育对服刑罪犯的宽容意识是监狱行刑现代化的内在基础,宽容意识本身又通过监狱行刑人道化、监狱事务民主化及未来行刑前景社会化等价值追求的实现得以勃兴。需要正视对服刑罪犯宽容,做到宽容不宽纵;积极内化对服刑罪犯宽容,更新罪犯教育改造观念,完善狱内服刑罪犯的权利救济机制和适时引导国民对罪犯群体的适度宽容的情感。     

关于我市教育系统基层工会工作创新发展情况的调研报告

按照天津市总工会"创新发展年"的决策部署,今年年初以来,我市各级教育工会组织在创新发展上,实施了新举措,拓展了新途径,体现了新作为,并取得了新突破。针对尚存在的各项薄弱环节,今后拟从四个方面加以改进。     

监狱法治文化的理论思考与本体解析

监狱法治化是历史发展的必然，也是社会进步的标志。从监狱法治化视野看，监狱法治文化是监狱法治化的应有之义，也是对监狱法治化内涵的补充和完善。中国监狱法治文化的理论基础应该是中国传统文化和外来法律文化。亦是两者的有机结合。研究中国监狱法治文化必然要立足于中国监狱特色。对监狱法治文化本质的解析，有利于理解和弘扬监狱法治文化。     

新视角下的监狱法律关系研究——以法律多元视角为价值取向

监狱法律关系是监狱关系的核心概念，其内涵的不同会造成监狱法律关系所涉主体、客体和内容的不同．进而影响监狱各方的关系性存在。监狱工作实践中．存在多元秩序规范，即国家法规范和非国家法规范共存．在法律多元已得到国内外众多学者的肯定，多元视角取向对监狱法律关系发展研究产生了全面而深刻的影响。从法律多元视角透视监狱法律关系，拓宽了监狱法律关系研究视野；以法律多元视角为主线贯穿于监狱法律关系研究．倡导法律多元的差异共生，为基于法律多元视角情境下的监狱法律关系发展研究提供了新的方法论和研究策略。     

Is a problem shared a problem halved? Shared services and municipal efficiency

It has long been argued that shared services represent an efficacious means of securing efficiencies for municipalities. Indeed, pressures from fiscal austerity, taxation limitations, and the specter of forced amalgamations have resulted in an increasing uptake of shared service arrangements. However, the extant evidence is rather inconclusive and is largely restricted to analyzing the nett efficiency outcomes for the specific service shared. We broaden this evidential base by examining the association between shared service production and the efficiency of entire municipalities. Our analysis, employing a 5‐year panel of data, suggests that shared services are associated with a statistically significant reduction in overall municipal efficiency. We conclude by explicating on the public policy implications arising from our prima facie surprising results.     

Residential Aged Care Policy in Australia – Are We Learning from Evidence?

The residential aged care industry in Australia will expand rapidly over the next 10 years leading to substantial increases in government expenditure. Recent and future reforms are likely leading to changes in the structure of the industry with a potential impact on quality of care. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate broader public debate, based on the available evidence, about the preferred structure of this important industry. It examines the literature on the impact structure has on the quality of services and compares this with a fresh analysis of current trends. The paper argues that future policy should be evidence based and explicit about the structure of the industry that will emerge from current policy reforms.     

浅谈监狱警察职业化建设

监狱警察职业化是维护监狱安全稳定、提高行刑效率和改造质量、实现司法公正的基本保障,也是建设社会主义法治国家的内在要求。文章就监狱警察职业特质培养的基本内容、主要途径,职业化建设的法制保障作了具体分析。