努力拓宽民营经济的融资渠道

在改革开放浪潮中 ,民营经济的迅速发展对国民经济做出了巨大贡献。但由于种种原因 ,民营经济的发展陷入了融资困境。为解决民营经济融资难的问题 ,主要应该从银行、资本市场等融资渠道着手 ,并积极发展典当行这一融资新渠道     

论我国国家机关职务侵权责任的立法模式——以《民法通则》第121条的存废为视角

我国现行《民法通则》与《国家赔偿法》对国家机关职务侵权责任都作出规定的多重立法模式存在严重缺陷。国家机关职务侵权责任在性质上不应是一种民事责任,国家赔偿也不应是一种民事赔偿。我国制定民法典时,应废除《民法通则》第121条的规定。同时应完善《国家赔偿法》中的相关规定,给予受害人更为充分的保护。     

私法视野中的新闻自由

在私法视野中,表达自由在本质上可以归结为一般人格权,是人格独立、人格自由、人格尊严的具体化。从民法上的意思表示理论出发,新闻自由表现为采访自由、写作自由、发表自由、编辑自由、表现形式自由这一环环紧扣的连续性过程。新闻自由的演变史与民法的现代化发展史之间存在根深蒂固的契合。思想的自由市场理论与私法自治之间亦存在不可忽略的勾连。     

Unemployment: A double burden and a public issue

Almost all European countries suffer from mass unemployment. More than 20 million persons in Europe are out of work. When the unemployment rate reaches such levels it can be assumed that it has implications not only for each unemployed individual but also for society as a whole. In this article, a distinction is made between unemployment as a private trouble and unemployment as a public issue. This distinction with regard to unemployment was introduced by Mills (1959) and illuminates the different, although interrelated, effects of unemployment on the individual and on the overall structure of society. The private trouble perspective raises the question of how individuals are affected by unemployment and the public issue examaines how unemployment affects society as a whole. We apply the reasoning by first discussing the relations between individual consequences of unemployment. We focus on two often neglected aspects, namely, economic hardship and shame. Then the implications for working life and society are discussed. There is much evidence indicating that the social and health consequences of unemployment are not limited to the unemployed and their families but also affect the working life and the overall structure of society. It is argued that mass unemployment might increase the process of social disintegration in society.     

对私营企业主入党问题的几点思考

私营企业主中的优秀分子 ,带头致富 ,守法经营。虽然他们也占有雇工的剩余劳动 ,但他们在生活上只消费掉自己的劳动所得部分 ,而把税后利润主要用在扩大再生产和发展社会公益事业上。这样 ,既发展了生产 ,增加了社会财富和雇工收入 ,又加快了社会公益事业的发展 ,有利于社会全面进步。因此 ,把他们吸收到党内来 ,对加快社会主义现代化建设 ,对增强党的凝聚力、扩大党的群众基础都是非常必要的。     

我国犯罪构成体系完善探略

定罪乃判定某一危害行为构成犯罪与否的认识活动,应当合乎认识论的基本原理;在这一认识活动中,危害行为是认识的客体,犯罪构成是认识的中介。传统犯罪构成理论将危害行为视为犯罪构成客观要件之一,混淆了认识客体和认识中介之间的界限。期待可能性成为犯罪构成主观要件之一具有理论和实践的根据;犯罪目的是希望意志的核心,不是独立的主观要件;犯罪动机是独立于罪过心理而存在的选择性主观要件。犯罪主体要件、客观要件和主观要件形成了犯罪构成系统的基本构架。     

刑事搜查之初探

在刑事诉讼中,搜查是一项常见的侦查行为,具有行为的强制性、程序的严格性、结果的双重性等特征。因此,搜查应被慎重适用。而有关搜查的适用条件,则可以从实体和程序等方面予以限制。     

简论中国国际私法立法

国际私法的性质 ,从目前而言主要还是国内法 ,但正在逐步向国际法过渡。我国国际私法立法历史久远且起点高 ;目前我国国际私法立法在立法模式上不拘于单一形式 ,立法层次多元化 ,但立法技术粗糙 ,法律规范不周延的现象比比皆是 ;中国国际私法立法中直接适用的实体法太少 ,司法解释过多。世界经济一体化为中国国际私法立法带来了机遇。中国国际私法立法应以传统的冲突规则为主体 ,在有限的范围内辅之以现代灵活的法律选择方法。中国亟待一部完整的国际私法典。     

美国保安人员的刑事责任问题研究

在美国,保安业是关系到公民的生命财产安全的重要职业,因此,美国对保安业实行执照管理,而雇佣的保安人员则必须进行注册登记。保安人员作为“准公共警察”,通过法律授权或签订合同的方式往往具有了一定的警察权力,但必须严格遵守法律的具体规定。在法律规定的范围内允许合理地进行自我防卫或进行财产保护,但若超过法定限度将承担一定的刑事责任。     

Holes in the Safety Net? State Liability and the Need for Private Law Enforcement

Following Francovich and Bonifaci v Italy[1991] it was widely considered that State Liability would be an enforcement mechanism that would end the problems the European Court of Justice (ECJ) had contended with through its battle over the adoption or denial of Horizontal Direct Effect of Directives (HDE). In the subsequent years it has been demonstrated that the debate for and against HDE's adoption has continued. This has been due in part to the limitations of State Liability as an effective enforcement mechanism which provides individuals not with their rights, but rather a damages action against the State. This article critiques State Liability and demonstrates the severe limitations which this enforcement mechanism has for those who wish to avail themselves of EC rights denied to them. Such limitations include the piecemeal nature of this method of enforcement; whether cases, particularly from employment law issues, should be heard against the State or the employer causing the problem complained of; and the nature of an enforcement mechanism based on the award of damages. It concludes by analysing this evidence as to whether State Liability is an adequate alternative to HDE, and hence should the enforcement of EC law be brought back from a public law action to the private sphere.