An anatomy of dispossession: post-apartheid land rights and farm dweller relocation in the context of a private game reserve initiative,northern KwaZulu-Natal

This article is a detailed examination of the impact that the development of a private game reserve initiative in northern KwaZulu-Natal had on the lives of farm dwellers in the late 1990s. The reshaping of this landscape for ecotourism purposes – a decision taken by a group of private landowners – meant that the residents of the former cattle farms were relocated, a process which had serious consequences for them. The outcomes of relocation from the farms are explored through conversations with the relocated farm dwellers. In an attempt to convey the texture of the emotional geography of dispossession, we document both the tangible and the less tangible losses suffered from the farm dwellers' point of view, as well as their experience with the state bureaucracy. The legal and bureaucratic process leading up to the relocation is then retraced through court documents and other archival evidence. At one level, this case raises questions about the capacity of the post-apartheid South African land reform programme to secure the land rights of marginalised groups such as farm dwellers, despite legislation passed to protect them. At a deeper level, this article is about the conceptual inadequacies of the law. While the law finds it easy to render visible and to protect (saleable) private property, it struggles to fully recognise more complex land relationships. The people whose experience is described in this article felt disempowered, their lives effectively invisible. We problematise the continuing primacy of private property in post-apartheid South Africa and argue that the voices of those with other histories on the land should receive more serious attention.     

私权一般理论与民法典总则的体系构造——德国民法典总则的学理基础及其对我国的立法启示

近代德国民法学中的私权一般理论是德国民法典总则赖以形成的学理基础,民法典总则在本质上属于私权通则。民法典总则具有充分的方法论依据与实用价值。我国未来民法典应该设立总则,总则的体系构造应当以私权(民事权利)的一般原理体系作为逻辑基础。民法草案总则的体系存在缺陷,应当予以完善。     

论知识产权刑事自诉案件中举证责任的分配原则

我国最新的司法解释进一步明确了知识产权刑事案件公诉和自诉的规定,旨在切实保障知识产权被害人的刑事自诉权.然而,司法实践中知识产权刑事自诉案件极其罕见.认为在适用现行程序法规定和证据规则的条件下,知识产权遭受侵犯的被害人根本无法提供足够的证据来证明被告人的犯罪行为.因此,中国在今后制定或修改法律时,应当确立新的举证责任分配原则,从根本上减轻知识产权犯罪案件刑事自诉人的举证负担.     

内容违法的民事行为的效力

对内容违法的民事行为的效力,大陆法系和英美法系主要国家的立法和理论分析有着不同的规定和认识。我国在这方面的立法存在不足。应当借鉴《德国民法典》第134条中的但书规定,将调和的重任交给法官,由法官就个案进行判断。     

对私人住宅爆炸案件的现场勘验

私人住宅爆炸案件现场的勘验,既具有一般爆炸的一些共性,同时又具有其特殊性。在勘验时必须运用刑事技术、爆炸现场勘验的基本原理,结合现场爆炸的特点,寻找线索,为破案提供有力的证据。勘验程序涉及现场炸点、爆炸痕迹、爆炸残留物、爆炸人员损伤等内容。     

税收立宪的价值及其在我国的运用

西方国家通过税收立宪,实现了国家征税权的宪法限制、私有财产权的宪法地位、纳税人权利的宪法保障,最终走上了宪政发展的道路。我国宪法税收条款缺失,没有规定税收法定原则,行政机关成为税收立法权和执行权的中心,使得征税权在我国成为几乎不受约束的权力。我国宪法对于私有财产权与公有财产权实行不平等保护,只规定了纳税人义务内容而没有规定权利内容,导致纳税人权益无从得到切实保障。税收立宪的价值就在于通过限制国家征税权来保障人权并实现宪政。     

公与私:中国行业协会的矛盾定位解析

随着社会主义市场经济的发展,行业协会作为一种同类企业间的联合互益组织在我国社会经济生活中起着日益重要的作用。但由于行业协会本身所蕴含的市场性以及我国对行业协会的特殊定位,其公益性与私益性的冲突成为制约我国行业协会发展的首要因素,因此探讨市场化的主流趋势与非营利化的新兴走向之间的异同,才能重新定义我国行业协会的发展路径。     

论主体哲学思想在私法中的反映

在经历了古希腊时代的萌芽和中世纪的挫折之后,主体哲学思想在近代终于以认知主体性的形式表现出来。认知主体性思想强调人的独立自主、自我决定、个体自由、自我意识、自为自觉、自由意志和能动创造。主体哲学思想作为私法的哲学基础,相应地体现在从古罗马法到近代私法,再到现代私法的主体制度当中。     

The Outcome of Renegotiations between Institutionalized Public–Private Partnerships and Their Public Clients: Data on the Public–Private Partnerships of the German Federal Armed Forces

This study analyzes the renegotiations that take place between institutionalized public–private partnerships (PPPs) and their public clients drawing on survey data on the PPPs of the German Federal Armed Forces. Generally, both the party that initiates such renegotiations and the time at which renegotiations are launched determine the outcome of the PPP’s renegotiated remuneration. This effect is moderated by the degree of contract specificity and by a decrease in demand. Specifically, when the public client initiates the renegotiation of an incomplete contractual agreement due to a decrease in demand, it can successfully reduce the remuneration of the PPP.     

Public–Private Partnership (PPP) as an Interdependent Form (I-Form) Organization

As “public–private partnership” (PPP) is becoming a popular model among states, the debate concerning how to make it more successful is accelerating. Based on insights from contemporary organization theory (OT), the present article suggests that instead of taking PPP as “partnership” between private and public sector partners, it is rather more beneficial to construe it as inter-dependent form (I-Form) organization. Subsequently, it identifies three types of interdependencies, faced by PPP-based I-Form organizations, and furnishes a model—comprising of initial and external conditions, and interplay of internal factors—that could enable smooth functioning and performance of I-Form organization.