城市少数民族流动人口犯罪实证研究--以S市M区的统计数据为基础的分析

对s市M区统计数据的实证分析表明,城市涉嫌犯罪的少数民族人员以无任何前科记录的初中文化水平以下的外来男性农民和无业人员为主;实施的犯罪行为比较轻,相对集中于盗窃罪,寻衅滋事罪,走私、贩卖、运输、制造毒品罪等几个罪名;共同犯罪的规模较小,共同犯罪人之间的联系比较松散,作案手段多元化、相对平和,重特大案件罕见;适用刑罚比较轻缓,以3年以下有期徒刑、拘役、罚金为主。城市少数民族人员犯罪并不是严重的社会现象,其数量和严重程度远远低于汉族人犯罪。因此,少数民族“流动人口”犯罪问题不应当特殊化,应当在人口流动和城镇化的背景下,理性客观地对待少数民族人员犯罪问题,贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,采取措施使得少数民族“流动人口”尽快融入大城市。     

The Use of CT Scans in Estimating Age at Death by Examining the Extent of Ectocranial Suture Closure

We examined the utility of CT scans in the evaluation of degree of ectocranial suture closure. Five cranial points (left and right midcoronal positions, left and right midlambdoidal positions, and the lambda) were evaluated in 231 CT scans using a three‐point scoring system (open, partial closed, and closed). The slice increment and thickness varied between three groups of the scans. The results showed a good correlation between degree of suture closure and increasing age in each group. Young individuals (<40 years) and old individuals (>60 years) could be clearly distinguished from the middle‐aged individuals. ANOVA test revealed no difference between two groups of scans and between left and right sides (p > 0.05). Interobserver agreement was good, especially considering the score by sides. The results of this study create the base for developing a robust and simple method to estimate the age at death using CT scans.     

Fetal Age Estimation Using Orbital Measurements: 3D CT-Scan Study Including the Effects of Trisomy 21

Abstract:  This study evaluates a new method of fetal age estimation based on orbital measurement and including the potential trisomy 21 of the fetus. Six orbital and one facial CT-scan measurements were taken on 71 fetuses ranging from 14 to 41 weeks of gestational age. Forty-eight fetuses were "normal" and 23 fetuses presented the Down syndrome (trisomy 21). The anatomy/imagery correspondence was evaluated comparing our results to those obtained by direct bone measurements on the same fetuses and revealed no significant differences between the two kinds of measurements. Moreover, a multiple linear stepwise regression was realized to estimate fetal age and showed that the "trisomy 21 parameter" is not conserved in the final determination model. Therefore, we conclude that the good radio-anatomical correspondence offers an interesting alternative to direct bone measurement (necessitating dissections) and allows a reliable fetal age determination, whatever is the trisomy 21 condition of the fetus.     

Concordance Between the AmpFℓSTR® MiniFiler™ and AmpFℓSTR® Identifiler® PCR Amplification Kits in the Kuwaiti Population

Abstract:  The AmpFℓSTR^® MiniFiler™ polymerase chain reaction amplification kit, developed and supplied by Applied Biosystems, complements the AmpFℓSTR^® Identifiler^® polymerase chain reaction amplification kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, U.K.) by improving the success rate when profiling DNA that is degraded or contains inhibitors. Before applying the MiniFiler™ kit to casework, the profiles from 200 unrelated Kuwaitis were compared to Identifiler^® profiles. Concordance was observed for 99.875% (1598 of 1600) of the compared STR loci. The two discordant profiles displayed allelic dropout: one at the D13S317 locus due to nonamplification of allele 10 in the MiniFiler™ profile, and one at the D18S51 locus due to nonamplification of allele 18 in the Identifiler^® profile.     

死亡大鼠看家基因mRNA时序性降解的组织差异性研究

目的研究死亡大鼠看家基因mRNA时序性降解的组织差异性,评价其用于死亡时间推断的价值。方法SD大鼠20只分为死后0、1、3、5、7d共5组,脊椎脱臼法处死大鼠,提取大鼠心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑组织,在相应时间段提取RNA,应用一步法RT-PCR技术检测各组织中看家基因GAPDHmRNA和β-actinmRNA的水平,Vilber凝胶图像分析系统测定扩增产物IOD值,SPSS10．0统计软件对数据进行方差分析。结果GAPDHmRNA、β—actinmRNA扩增产物相对灰度与积分光密度值随死后经过时间的延长而逐渐减小,且与死亡时间显著相关,大鼠脾脏和脑组织GAPDHmRNA和β-actinmRNA在死后5d内可检出,心脏和肾脏在死后3d内可检出,而肝脏和肺脏GAPDHmRNA和β-actin mRNA降解较快,仅在死后1d内可检出。结论脑组织和脾脏中mRNA稳定性较好,适用于PMI特别是晚期PMI的推断。除环境温度外,环境湿度也是死亡时间推断中的重要影响因素。     

RUS-CHN图谱骨龄评价法用于推侧青少年年龄

目的探讨RUS-CHN(RC)图谱评价法用于13~18岁青少年年龄推侧的应用价值。方法4 424名(男2 272,女2 152)13~18岁正常城市汉族青少年,以简化RUS-CHN法建立手腕骨发育等级图谱。另以1 048名(男530,女518)13~18岁青少年为检验样本,比较不同方法骨龄与生活年龄的差异。结果RUS-CHN图谱法可仅评价桡骨、尺骨远端和第III指的4块掌指骨骺。检验样本中男14~17岁、女13~16岁年龄组,RC图谱法骨龄与生活年龄之间的差异均无统计学显著性(W ilcoxon符号秩和检验,P>0.05),对男18岁、女17岁组出现显著性差异的可能原因进行了讨论。结论RUS-CHN图谱法骨龄适用于男13~18岁、女13~17岁青少年的年龄推测。     

玻璃体液化学成分规律性改变与死亡时间推断的研究进展

死亡时间（postmortem interval．PMI）的准确推断是法医尸体检验工作中的难题之一,PMI推断对刑事案件的侦察和审判具有重要的意义。人死亡后不同时间眼玻璃体液化学成分的规律性变化,如钾、镁、氨、尿素氮、肌酐和尿酸、次黄嘌呤、乳酸的含量逐渐升高,而钙、钠、酶类、葡萄糖、维生素C的含量逐渐降低,有助于比较准确地进行PMI推断。本文对其在法医学领域的研究进展进行综述。     

实时RT-PCR检测大鼠死后管家基因mRNA的时序性降解

目的研究实时荧光定量RT—PCR方法检测死亡大鼠管家基因mRNA时序性降解的可行性,为死亡时间（Dostmortem interval,PMI）推断寻找新的研究手段。方法应用SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量RT—PCR技术．检测死后不同时间大鼠脑和脾中管家基因GAPDHmRNA及β—actinmRNA的水平,结果用循环阈值（简称Ct值）表示,分析死后经过时间与Ct值的线性关系,并建立死亡时间推断回归方程。结果GAPDH mRNA和β—actinmRNA的Ct值均与PMI之间存在显著的相关性。结论SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量RT—PCR在定量分析mRNA降解的研究中是一个较理想的技术手段。选用管家基因作为PMI推断的研究对象,可在法医检案中消除其他基因因为个体差异带来的误差,更具实用性。Ct值作为动态监测机体死后不同时间点的客观指标．与死后不同时间点的线性关系良好,推断死后经过时间尤其是晚期死亡时间较为理想。     

Caspase3和iNOS在人挫伤脑组织中的时序性表达

目的研究人脑挫伤后不同时间半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（caspase3）和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）表达的变化,为法医实践中脑损伤时间的推断提供依据。方法选择30例因颅脑损伤死亡案例为损伤组,5例非颅脑损伤急死的案例为对照组,应用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术,分别于死亡后2h、4～8h、10～14h、1～2d、3～5d及8～11d检测脑组织标本中caspase3和iNOS的变化规律。结果经统计学分析：（1）caspase3阳性细胞表达在伤后2h以内组开始升高,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,1～2d组表达强度增高,3～5d组仍见高表达（P〈0.05）,以后逐渐下降。（2）iNOS阳性细胞表达在2h以内组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,伤后4～8h开始升高（P〈0.05）,1～2d组表达强度最高,以后逐渐下降,伤后8～11d仍有弱表达（P〈0.05）。结论caspase3和iNOS的表达可能成为实际检案中脑损伤时间推断的有效依据。     

大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后细胞间黏附分子-1mRNA表达变化

目的应用荧光原位杂交（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）技术检测大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后细胞间黏附分子-1（intercellular adhesion molecular—1,ICAM-1）mRNA表达。分析其与挫伤时间的关系。方法建立大鼠骨骼肌挫伤模型．分别取伤后0．5、1、6、12、18、24、30h及对照组检材。检材冰冻切片后进行FISH．激光共聚焦显微镜观察。结果大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后ICAM-1mRNA的表达6h达到峰值,18h下降至对照组的3．46倍．随后继续升高。结论大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后30h内ICAM—1mRNA的表达有一定的时间规律性．可望作为推断骨骼肌早期损伤时间的指标之一。