论都市犯罪与都市管理互动的防控模式

城市化是世界各国社会、经济发展的必经之路,中心城市的都市化又是社会、经济、文化集约化、现代化的必然趋势;都市化发展的同时,也带来犯罪向都市的集中,使都市成为吸纳各种犯罪的集聚地和滋生新型犯罪的重要基地。因此,应当以强化都市的科学化管理为进路,分析都市犯罪与都市管理中的紧张状态,建构都市犯罪与都市管理互动的防控模式,达到破解诱发都市犯罪内在原因,遏制和减少都市犯罪的目的。     

试论发展权与少数民族流动人口的权益保护

发展权作为一项基本的人权 ,是国际国内人权保护立法的基本原则 ,也是国家享有的权利和应尽的义务。文章对发展权的含义进行了阐述 ,并分析了当前少数民族流动人口的生活生存状况 ,认为在经济社会快速发展的当前 ,保护少数民族流动人口这一城市社会中的弱势群体是国家应尽的义务 ,并从法哲学的角度阐述了发展权是少数民族流动人口权益保护立法的法哲学基础。     

流动人口犯罪侦控方略

近年来,全国各大中城市的流动人口犯罪呈明显的上升趋势。随着经济不断发展和社会矛盾增多,侵财型犯罪将会更高。因此,这一特殊群体的犯罪问题解决得好与否,将直接影响到我国在新时期、新阶段的稳定和发展。特别是我国政府正在积极筹备2008年奥运会,并且欲将此次奥运会办成最成功的一届,此时解决流动人口犯罪问题就显得尤为重要。因此,我们要根据其以实施侵财型犯罪为主的特点,有针对性地采取侦控措施。     

Genetic population data of 12 STR loci of the PowerPlex Y system in the state of São Paulo population (Southeast of Brazil)

Allele frequency distributions and population data for 12 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) included in the PowerPlex^®Y Systems (Promega) were obtained for a sample of 200 healthy unrelated males living in São Paulo State (Southeast of Brazil). A total of 192 haplotypes were identified, of which 184 were unique and 8 were found in 2 individuals. The average gene diversity of the 12 Y-STR was 0.6746 and the haplotype diversity was 0.9996. Pairwise analysis confirmed that our population is more similar with the Italy, North Portugal and Spain, being more distant of the Japan.     

司法鉴定中303例骨龄小于“年龄”分析

目的探讨司法鉴定中骨龄小于"年龄"的现象和可能原因。方法参考中国人手腕骨发育标准CHN法附带的检验样本所提供的骨龄验证值,结合鉴定时公安机关提供的"年龄"、"户籍"等相关资料,并追踪回访部分案例,对829例使用CHN法行骨龄司法鉴定资料进行回顾性分析。结果骨龄小于"年龄"共303例,占(303/829)36.6%,在742例有"年龄"案例组中占(303/742)40.8%。如以两者差值小于0.5岁(含0.5岁)为正常范围内计则降至190例,所占比例为(190/829)22.9%和(190/742)25.6%。差值在0.5岁以内时与骨龄值相近的"年龄"可信度最高,在0.6～2.0岁时难以确定何者有误,但随差值增大"年龄"有误可能性上升。"年龄"和骨龄本身诸多不确定因素均可导致骨龄小于"年龄",并可能是多种因素共同影响的结果。结论在鉴定实践中骨龄小于"年龄"发生率不低;鉴定结论以综合评估后谨慎使用为宜。     

大鼠骨骼肌挫伤愈合过程中caspase-3的表达及时间规律

目的观察大鼠骨骼肌挫伤愈合过程中,caspase-3的表达及其变化规律。方法制作大鼠右小腿骨骼肌挫伤模型,应用免疫组织化学法、Western blot法及caspase-3活性测定法对不同时间段大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后caspase-3表达进行检测。结果免疫组织化学及Western blot均显示,挫伤周边区caspase-3的活性随时间延长逐渐升高,5d时达最高峰,随后活性逐渐下降。免疫组织化学染色结果显示,伤后3～5d挫伤处坏死的骨骼肌细胞被清除干净,新形成的肌细胞大量增生,且新形成的肌细胞胞浆内有caspase-3表达;损伤后7～14d,新形成的肌细胞内仍然有caspase-3的阳性表达。结论大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后,挫伤周边骨骼肌表达caspase-3有一定的时间规律性,可望作为推断骨骼肌挫伤时间的指标之一;大鼠骨骼肌挫伤后,新形成的肌细胞表达caspase-3,提示caspase-3可能在骨骼肌分化过程中起重要作用。     

流动人口聚居区治安问题研究

流动人口聚居区治安问题已成为影响我国社会稳定的重要因素。流动人口在向城市流动的过程中形成了缘聚型和混居型两种聚居方式,并产生了侵财型违法犯罪高发、流动人口与城市居民间差异悬殊的冲突、妨害社会管理秩序活动增多、易形成黑恶势力等治安问题。而城市空间改造、加强社区管理、充分发挥警察的防控作用、及时打击违法犯罪并做好流动人口的社会保障工作是解决流动人口治安问题的重要途径。     

Illegal Route Estimation of the Seized Illicit Drug, Methamphetamine, by the Comparison of Striation Marks on Plastic Packaging Films

Abstract:  In Japan, the most common illicit drug is methamphetamine. It is possible to trace the origin of this drug by analyzing its organic and inorganic impurities and/or byproducts using several methods, such as GC, GC/MS, and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). As reported here, one other method includes comparison of the striation lines of polymer sheet layers from packaging using a polarized light method. Other alternative methods include analyzing the heat sealer pattern, layer thickness surface characteristics, and/or components of polymer sheet layers using infrared spectroscopy. Several of these alternative methods were used to analyze the origins of 29 packages confiscated from three regions over a 1000 km distance in Japan. Results indicated that packages seized from different regions had some polymer sheet layers which contained striation lines and heat sealer patterns that were similar.     

中国人股骨的性别鉴定

目的建立中国人股骨性别判定的方程。方法测量来自全国14省区的已知生前确切性别180例（男150例,女30例）个体的双侧股骨21项指标。使用统计软件SPSS13．0对获得的股骨测量项目数据,进行同一性别双侧间及不同性别同侧间的t检验,然后采用Fisher判别分析法和Bayes逐步判别分析法,建立股骨性别判定的系列判别函数。结果股骨单一测量指标中男性判别率最高指标为股骨上髁宽,为94．0％,女性判别率最高指标为股骨头周与股骨颈垂直径,为93．3％,总判别方程的判别率为男性98．0％,女性93．3％。结论本研究提供的判别方程式判别准确率较高,适用于中国人股骨的性别判定。     

A Method for Estimating Sex Using Metric Analysis of the Scapula*

Abstract: The most accurate and precise methods for the assessment of age and stature often require knowledge of sex. Thus, being able to correctly identify sex from skeletal remains is critical in the forensic context. The presence of the os coxae or skull can never be guaranteed, making the development of reliable methods of sex estimation using other skeletal elements necessary. Using a 724 individual calibration sample from the Hamann‐Todd collection, this study identifies sexual dimorphism in the human scapula, and presents a new five‐variable discriminant function for sex estimation. The overall accuracy of this method proved to be 95.7% on the cross‐validated calibration sample, 92.5% on an 80 individual test sample from the Hamann‐Todd collection, and 84.4% on a 32 individual test sample from the skeletal collection of the Wichita State University Biological Anthropology Laboratory. Additionally, a slightly less accurate two‐variable model was developed and has cross‐validated accuracy of 91.3%.