我国发展电子商务面临的问题及对策

文章针对当今世界电子商务的快速发展给传统的商业领域带来的深刻变化,分析研究了我国的电子商务在发展过程中存在的主要问题,以及应对这些问题采取相应的对策。     

试论出版职业资格的错位与重建

出版专业技术人员职业资格制度的建立,对加强出版专业技术队伍建设,提高人员素质和业务水平起到了积极作用。但目前该制度在现实的运行和贯彻中仍存在不少问题,如职业与资格脱节、资格与出版脱节、技术等级与执业资格的不当结合。应分解现有的职业资格考试制度,建立与出版单位年检等相挂钩的出版从业人员管理制度。     

公安法律文书制作现状及对策

公安法律文书制作使用是制约公安民警办案效率与效果的关键因素。目前虽因网络信息平台的建立及网络执法监督系统的使用而日趋规范,但是公安法律文书制作问题仍然很多。有效地提高公安法律文书制作的质量和水平应有制度的保证,加强对民警的培训,有明确的文书范本,充分利用现代科技手段,开展必不可少的经验交流,实现资源共享,是共同提高文书制作水平的有效途径。     

窘境与突围：选择性罪名的命运

我国刑法分则体系经司法解释之后涌现出大量的选择性罪名，此举虽属无奈，但毕竟给司法实践带来了诸多不便。为此，有必要剖析其生成的原因或被选择的理由，以及其在客观上存在着哪些价值与不足，并寻找解决问题的办法。在尽可能减少产生选择性罪名的情况下，对那些不得不使用的选择性罪名，也要进行论证和提出必要的防范措施，从而终结不加限制地使用该罪名的法律历史，让刑法理性的光芒伴随着选择性罪名走完它的过渡时期。     

我国诉前鉴定中的问题与对策

根据诉讼法的规定，当事人一般不能自行启动鉴定程序。但为了在民事、行政诉讼与刑事自诉案件中提起诉讼与履行举证责任。诉前鉴定在当前中国的司法语境中具有相对合理性；除此之外。侦查机关立案之前的鉴定也应作如是观。然而诉前鉴定也不可避免地引发了一些问题。所以必须对诉前鉴定进行一定法律层次的规定与改造。     

第三法域之"三农问题"论纲

"三农问题"首先是一个政治问题,但从法治社会角度而言,"三农问题"同时是一个法律问题,而且是一个社会法问题.私法仅就农民利益问题寻求救济,而国家行为对市民社会亦难以作为,故"三农问题"由于牵涉到社会整体利益,应归于第三法域--社会法调整范畴.以社会法视角,可从降低农业人口、农村城市化和农民教育三方面,审视我国当前"三农问题".     

更思政治性国际劫机犯罪的司法协作困境——以政治犯不引渡原则为切人

各国意识形态领域的差异以及特定国际事件的国家利益纠葛共同影响了对政治犯不引渡原则的适用．进一步导致了与“政治性目的”有关的国际劫机犯罪的司法协作困境重重。此类劫机事件的困境实质上是各国国家利益、世界人权事业发展与政治自由以及国际打击劫机犯罪等诸多需要的体现。而解决困境的现实方案则是：将具体的“政治性”国际劫机事件所涵括的现实国家利益纠葛作为首要的价值砝码,兼顾事件的人权保护意义与政治自由价值,并在此基础上分类处理。     

Overview of: “Getting the Law Involved a Quasi-Experiment in Early Intervention Involving Collaboration Between Schools and the District Attorney's Office”

Research Summary Precursors to serious and chronic delinquency often emerge in childhood, stimulating calls for early interventions. Most intervention efforts rely solely on social service programs—often to the exclusion of the juvenile justice system. The juvenile justice system has been reluctant to become involved in the lives of relatively young children fearing net widening or further straining resources that could be used for older youth with documented delinquency histories. We report here the results of an early intervention program sponsored by and housed in a district attorney's office in Louisiana. Using a quasi-experimental design, we examined outcomes associated with program involvement as well as whether the obvious involvement of the prosecutor's office was associated with further reductions in problem behavior.

• 1 : The results revealed that significant reductions in problem behaviors of young children could be attributed to program participation.
• 2 : The obvious involvement of the district attorney's office, however, was associated with limited, albeit significant, reductions in specific problem behaviors.
• 3 : These findings show that successful early intervention efforts can be made part of the juvenile justice system and that in some limited situations prosecutorial involvement can result in positive outcomes.

Policy Implications The expansion of early intervention programming into the juvenile justice system offers opportunities to address early problem behavior. Our study and its results have the following policy implications.

• 1 : Closely coupled partnerships between schools and the juvenile justice system can effectively address, mitigate, and perhaps prevent an early onset of antisocial behavior.
• 2 : Even so, coupling early intervention efforts to the mission of the juvenile justice system warrants debate. Net-widening, resource diffusion, and the potential for officials to rely too heavily on the deterrent characteristics of the justice system represent serious threats to the integrity of effective early intervention programs.
• 3 : We suggest substantial debate and consideration is given before coupling early intervention efforts to the juvenile justice system.

     

Police Officers on Drug Corners in Philadelphia,Drug Crime,and Violent Crime: Intended,Diffusion, and Displacement Impacts

On May 1, 2002, the Philadelphia Police Department launched Operation Safe Streets, stationing officers at 214 of the highest drug activity locations in the city 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Interrupted time series (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) models on weekly data isolated citywide and local program impacts on all violent crimes, murder, and reported drug crimes. Results showed no significant impacts on citywide weekly counts for drug crimes, homicides, or all violent crimes. Geographically focused analyses showed significant localized intervention impacts for both violent and drug crimes. Analyses of high‐drug‐activity non‐intervention sites suggest: the program impacts seen were not an artifact of history or local history; significant spatial diffusion of preventive benefits for violent crime; and probably significant spatial displacement for drug crime. Stationary targeted drug‐enforcement interventions like Operation Safe Streets may differentially affect the locational selection processes behind violent crime versus drug crime.     

股东关系维度代理问题及其治理机制研究

股东“异质化”的现实演进和股东关系的弱式平等使得股东关系维度代理问题日渐成为公司治理的重点与难点。股东关系维度代理问题在中国股份公司中有其特殊性,如股东间的代理关系情境极其复杂、控制权私利攫取成本较低、中小股东消极主义尤为明显、多元维度代理问题相互交织等。公司立法必须注重强化自治和利益平衡,多措并举构建防范股东关系维度代理问题的结构性治理机制。