论刑事诉讼中证明责任与举证责任的分配

辨析证明责任和举证责任的概念,探讨责任承担的主体、责任的来源、责任的转移及法律后果。我国刑事诉讼中的证明责任和举证责任的分配折射出了在新刑事审判方式中职权主义和当事人主义的折衷。新确立的以职权主义为背景增强抗辩色彩的庭审方式对证明责任和举证责任的概念与分配产生了极大影响,在法官应该承担举证责任与证明责任上仍应进一步完善。     

论机动车交通事故责任强制保险的法律适用

机动车交通事故责任强制保险是以保护和救助生命为核心的制度,它与机动车第三者责任保险在法律依据、法律性质、责任划分、保险费率等诸多方面存在不同,在法律适用中不可混淆;若两者并存时,机动车交通事故责任强制保险优先适用,机动车第三者责任保险补充适用,以有效分散风险,同时,也为交通事故受害人设置了双重保护,更加有利于保证交通事故受害人得到及时救助;在诉讼中,机动车第三者责任强制保险的受害人可以以保险公司为被告,直接向其求偿;而机动车第三者责任险的受害人只能把保险公司列为无独立请求权的第三人。     

我国上市公司社会责任与企业绩效的实证研究——来自上证180指数的经验证据

本文以上证180指数上市公司为样本,以企业对国家、员工、投资者和公益事业的社会责任贡献作为企业社会责任的评价指标,采用统计性描述和混合截面回归分析的实证研究方法来探究社会责任与企业绩效之间的关系.研究发现:我国上市公司对国家、投资者和公益事业的社会责任贡献与企业绩效正相关,而对员工的社会责任贡献与企业绩效则是负相关的关系.因此,要求企业更加重视对国家贡献的社会责任,完善社会保障机制和企业内部激励机制,推进股权分置和金融体制改革,并完善对企业履行公益事业贡献的激励机制.     

从“张金柱现象”到孙伟铭案的法学家“理性”——以媒体法治角色的社会责任担当为视角

孙伟铭案与张金柱案都是让社会各界大为震动的大案。媒体对张金柱案的密集报道还引发了民意求死的“张金柱现象”。而对孙伟铭案，媒体对孙伟铭及亲属在孙伟铭因为特大交通事故被判处“死刑立即执行”后，刑事死刑判决挤压民事赔偿过程中，采取给孙伟铭、孙林披“好人”、“善人”和“动人”等外衣，美化其“善意”、“伟大”或者受人尊重言行的民意求生的思路，试图将孙伟铭及亲属的保命型被动赔偿“塑造成”孙伟铭刑事案件的“悔罪积极”。这种过度美化孙伟铭及亲属的媒体报道，是媒体没有很好履行其社会责任，准确定位其在特大事件、重大事件中报道中的社会责任；而法学家在死刑判决下达后也站出来对判决结果进行“不理性”、“感情用事”的指责，对于这些不良的行为习惯，应当给予纠正。     

关于完善行政执法制度的思考

近年来,随着建设社会主义法治国家理念的逐步深入,行政执法工作越来越得到党和政府的重视。同时,伴随着它的运行也产生了一些不可忽视的问题。通过对目前行政执法中存在的主要问题进行分析探讨,从而积极提出相应的解决对策。     

我国帝制时代荐举制度之研究

贤良治国是一切良好政治的根本。我国历朝都非常重视选拔贤良的制度建设,确立了荐举和科举并行的选贤体制。在数千年的政治法律实践中,荐举已发展成为一套相当完备的任官法律制度。     

Audit for Whom? Time to Review Roles of Independent Auditors in Hong Kong

The Hong Kong government has been reforming its laws regarding accounting practices in recent years, to pre-empt problems similar to that of Enron. It correctly recognizes an opportunity to enhance and distinguish the financial system in Hong Kong and create a competitive advantage for Hong Kong. The sixty-five billion dollar question is: what is the right approach for accounting practice reform? One obvious approach is to model reform after the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX). The SOX increases personal liabilities of senior management and introduces extremely cumbersome compliance processes (s 3 (b)(ix) of Minutes of Bills Committee of Financial Reporting Council Bill. (19 July 2005)). While this approach may be the right move for the United States, because rescuing investor confidence is paramount, a similar approach may not be optimal for Hong Kong. Hong Kong relies, to a great degree, on foreign investments and a heavy-handed approach may scare investments away (Charles E. Schumer &; Michael R. Bloomberg To Save New York, Learn from London, Wall Street Journal 1 Nov 2006). This paper, argues that failure of independent auditors was mainly caused by bad incentives. In particular, auditors were hired by and responsible to the management of companies. Thus, there is no surprise that auditors were less diligent in finding problems caused by management. Furthermore, proposing of an alternate to the SOA’s approach. Specifically, a new legal approach should be enforced that allows shareholders to sue auditors when failure to uncover accounting issues causes loss of shareholders’ values.     

Privatised Keynesianism: An Unacknowledged Policy Regime

There have now been two successive policy regimes since the Second World War that have temporarily succeeded in reconciling the uncertainties and instabilities of a capitalist economy with democracy's need for stability for people's lives and capitalism's own need for confident mass consumers. The first of these was the system of public demand management generally known as Keynesianism. The second was not, as has often been thought, a neo-liberal turn to pure markets, but a system of markets alongside extensive housing and other debt among low- and medium-income people linked to unregulated derivatives markets. It was a form of privatised Keynesianism. This combination reconciled capitalism's problem, but in a way that eventually proved unsustainable. After its collapse there is debate over what will succeed it. Most likely is an attempt to re-create it on a basis of corporate social responsibility.     

论交通事故认定行为的行政可诉性

交通事故认定是否具有行政可诉性,法院能否作为行政案件受理,一直是学术界和行政审判实务界存在争议的问题,特别是《道路交通安全法》实施后,争议更大,这直接影响了司法统一性和行政审判工作的顺利开展。从表面上来看,交通事故认定行为是民事争议中的裁决行为,起着一种证据的作用。但实质上,交通事故认定行为是一行政确认行为,当事人对此不服的,可以向法院提起行政诉讼。     

国际组织法律人格滥用与成员国的责任

长期以来，成员国应否对国际组织的不法行为的后果承担责任，存在较大争议。这一问题不论从理论上押或实践上都涉及国际组织的法律人格问题。从本质上而言，如果国际组织具有独立的法律人格，成员国不应对国际组织的债务承担责任。但存在一些例外情况，在此情况下，必须刺破“国际组织的面纱”，由成员国承担共同或连带责任。关于国际组织的“主要责任”和成员国的“次要责任”赔偿顺序问题，受害国或受害国际组织理应有权自主决定责任国或责任国际组织的先后次序。次要性并不意味着在处理求偿要求方面必须按照时间顺序进行。