猪瘟病毒胶体金免疫层析检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种猪瘟病毒的快速检测方法,采用柠檬酸三钠还原氯金酸制备胶体金,选择15 nm胶体金标记兔抗猪瘟病毒抗体,对胶体金标记抗体采用低温超速离心法进行纯化,组装免疫层析试纸条。用试纸条对猪瘟可疑病料进行检测,同时用直接荧光抗体试验和RT-PCR做平行试验。结果显示,用试纸条检测猪瘟病毒,10 min左右即可显示结果,试纸条、直接猪瘟荧光抗体试验和RT-PCR的阳性检出率依次为36.36%(4/11)、45.45%(5/11)和72.72%(8/11)。表明,用胶体金免疫层析试纸条检测猪瘟病毒操作简便,需时短,可以用于猪瘟的流行病学调查。     

狂犬病病毒抗体免疫金标检测试纸的制备及其应用

为了建立一种快速检测狂犬病病毒抗体水平的方法,用浓缩提纯的狂犬病病毒CVS11株作为胶体金标记抗原,以金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白为检测线上的捕获抗原,制备狂犬病病毒抗体水平检测试纸条。应用该试纸条进行临床样品检测,结果表明,以稀释后的犬全血或血清作为检测样品,试纸条检测的灵敏度为0.002U/mL,特异性试验证明该试纸条与犬细小病毒、犬瘟热病毒、犬腺病毒2型犬科疾病阳性血清没有交叉反应,稳定性试验证明该试纸条在室温下保存的有效期为12个月,检测结果与快速荧光抑制试验的符合率为95.12%。证实该狂犬病病毒抗体免疫金标检测试纸可以方便、快速、灵敏、特异地检测狂犬病病毒的抗体水平。     

Fn-EIIIA金标试纸条进行损伤时间推断的效果评价

目的评价Fn-EIIIA金标单克隆抗体试纸条在人体皮肤组织损伤时间推断中的有效性和灵敏度。方法提取不同损伤时间人体皮肤组织,匀浆,用Fn-EIIIA金标单克隆抗体试纸条检测其Fn-EIIIA的表达,对其结果进行评价;同时,将大鼠挫伤皮肤组织置于自然环境中,分别提取不同自溶时间段的皮肤样本进行检测,对自溶变化对检测结果的影响进行观察。结果正常皮肤组织样本中试纸条检测线不显色,损伤1h后即显色,随损伤时间延长,试纸条检测线有显色逐渐加深的趋势;在观察时间段内,组织自溶对检测结果无显著影响。结论Fn-EIIIA金标单克隆抗体试纸条可作为法医学损伤时间推断敏感、稳定的检测手段。     

单增李斯特菌单克隆抗体的制备及胶体金试纸的研制

原核表达了单增李斯特菌(LM)ActA蛋白,检测了表达蛋白的免疫原性,制备抗ActA单克隆抗体,并测定了单克隆抗体的亚型、效价及亲和力;研制出胶体金试纸,并对试纸的特异性、敏感性、重复性、稳定性及模拟样品进行了检测。结果成功表达了ActA蛋白;ActA诱导了特异性细胞免疫和体液免疫;获得了4株抗ActA单克隆抗体,其中3株为IgG1亚类,腹水抗体效价为1:32000～1:64000,均为高亲和力抗体;所研制的试纸不与绵羊李斯特菌、英诺克李斯特菌同属菌及大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌异属菌发生交叉反应;对LM纯培养物及模拟样品检测的灵敏度均为3.9×105CFU/mL;4℃保质期在120d以上。表明,所研制的试纸具有快速、特异、敏感、稳定等优点,可用于LM的检测。     

The centrality of labor time in South African gold mining since 1886

Labor time, as a dimension of South African mining labor history, has been ignored, both conceptually and historically. This article remedies this yawning gap by presenting primary and secondary evidence which demonstrates the centrality of labor time in South African gold mines since the discovery of gold in 1886. To this end, labor time is traced in two ways. Part I tracks industrial working time by tracing the length of the working day and week. Part II tracks the ever-increasing length of the African migrant labor contract. While industrial working hours remain remarkably stable for almost a century, the migrant labor contract systematically increases over a similar period. These two measures of labor time eventually coincide when the migrant labor system dissolves and black African workers take annual leave together with their compatriots across the racial divide. The explanation for the mining industry’s long struggle to both maintain relatively long working hours and increasingly maximize the length of the migrant labor contract is construed as completing the received wisdom of Harold Wolpe's much celebrated and criticized `cheap- labor' thesis. (Wolpe, “Capitalism and Cheap Labor Power.”)     

《所罗门之歌》——一首关于黑人命运的悲歌

《所罗门之歌》是一部从黑人女性视角讲述的关于黑人悲苦命运的故事。“所罗门之歌”就是黑人要找的金子。对于莫里森来说,“所罗门之歌”只是一个象征,它象征了属于美国黑人自己的文化和历史,生活在美州土地上的非洲裔居民,只有熟悉属于自己民族的文化和历史,才能获得心理意义上的真正的自由。     

Russian Constitutional Crisis: Law and Politics Under Yel'tsin

This article is a foray into the understudied issue of environmental protest politics in Central Asia. Specifically, it uses Kyrgyzstan as a case study to test the argument that environmental concerns mobilized people to engage in protest and in ways different from other kinds of protest. This essay presents the first systematic study of public opinion about the environment in Kyrgyzstan. It includes results from a 2009 nationwide survey, over 100 expert and elite interviews, and newspaper content analysis. Furthermore, it spatially analyzes these results to identify geographical variation in public perception and political event occurrence patterns. Protest engagement is a complex process determined by the interaction of several factors, and is not explained solely by affluence, rationality, or grievances. Eco-mobilization – collective political action about the environment – represents a class of protest events that offers a different view into mass discontent in the former Soviet Union and neo-patrimonial societies. The study finds that these political actions about the environment are not necessarily elite driven; there is a basic foundation of national concern and salience of these issues, and demonstrated environmental beliefs do help to explain protest behavior.     

可卡因及其代谢物苯甲酰爱康宁胶体金检测试剂盒的研制

目的根据胶体金免疫层析的原理,建立一种可以在现场快速检测可卡因及其代谢物苯甲酰爱康宁的方法。方法将胶体金标记的抗可卡因单克隆抗体均匀浸涂在玻璃纤维膜上,用点膜仪将可卡因的完全抗原以及羊抗鼠多抗在硝酸纤维素膜上划线,分别作为可卡因的检测区（T）和质控区（C）。并且对样品垫用0.2%Tween 20和0.5%PVA封闭处理。样本（尿样、唾液、血样等）中游离的可卡因及其代谢物同包被的完全抗原分别免疫竞争结合胶体金标记的抗可卡因单抗。肉眼观察试剂盒的质控区和检测区上有无紫红色带来判读结果。结果可卡因胶体金检测试剂盒对65种毒品、药物的特异性测试中仅识别可卡因及其代谢物。对人体尿样中的可卡因和苯甲酰爱康宁检测阈值均为300ng/mL。与GC/MS对照试验,其准确性分别为98.9%和98.6%。在常温下能稳定保存2年。结论该可卡因检测试剂盒在5min内可以检测出样本中的可卡因及其代谢物成分。     

检验人精浆特异蛋白P30免疫胶体金试剂条的研制

目的制备用于检验人精浆特异蛋白P30-主要是来自法医学案件的免疫胶体金层析试剂条.方法选取针对不同抗原决定簇的抗P30单克隆抗体细胞株,并制备其小鼠腹水,分离纯化单克隆抗体.制备胶体金并以纯化抗体包被,制成免疫胶体金,以免疫胶体金浸泡玻璃纤维.选取适宜的硝酸纤维素膜并于其上不同位置以未金标的另一株P30单克隆抗体和羊抗鼠IgG包被.搭建试剂条并检测其灵敏度和特异性.结果所制成的试剂条灵敏度至少可达4ng/ml;对6人份混合的人精液物质在稀释20万倍后仍出阳性结果,且无非特异性反应.结论检验人精浆特异蛋白P30的免疫胶体金试剂条可对嫌疑人精物质做出排查,有利于法医物证检验.     

Introduction to Weber

Abstract

This article discusses the origins of the speculative configuration that has come to characterize English banking. It criticizes Gerschenkron's view that early nineteenth-century English banking developed relatively autonomously from manufacturing. Pointing out that he misunderstood the specific nature of English finance and the reasons that explained the later shift towards speculation, it shows how Gerschenkron and his followers have consistently underestimated the role of the state in shaping the nature of English finance. The main argument of the article is that state intervention was a decisive factor in shaping the nature of English finance. It proved crucial in initiating the divergence between English and continental finance, and contributed to the rise of modern banking in England. Finally, I argue that the speculative configuration of finance often associated with England was a late development of the nineteenth century that again reflected changes in the form of financial and monetary regulation.