我国民事执行检察监督制度的建构探究

民事执行是民事诉讼活动的重要环节,检察机关对民事执行活动进行检察监督具有必要性与合理性。应在法律中明确规定民事执行检察监督制度,规范民事执行检察监督的范围与方式,完善程序设计,建立检法协同工作保障机制,积极构建我国民事执行检察监督制度,使民事执行检察监督发挥其应有效用。     

我国行政审批制度改革刍议

随着经济体制改革和行政管理体制改革的深化,我国行政审批制度改革取得一定成效.但在发展中也暴露出问题.行政审批制度改革的深入,应从加快行政审批法制建设步伐,依法清理行政审批项目,创建行政审批新体制,加强对行政审批行为监督等方面着手,不断推动行政审批的制度化和法律化.     

Passport examination by polarized infrared spectra

In this study, a new nondestructive technique for passport examination is proposed. In this technique, linearly polarized light is used to measure Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance spectra of films on the biographical data page. Thirty genuine and thirty-five counterfeit Japanese passports and five marketed films pasted on name cards were examined. The measured spectra were analyzed as follows. The absorption spectra were obtained by the Kramers-Kronig transformations of reflectance spectra. The peak ratios were then calculated from the absorption spectra by adding the peak areas at 1126 and 1263 cm(-1) and dividing the result by the peak area at 1727 cm(-1). When nonpolarized light was used, the samples could not be distinguished by comparing the peak ratios. However, when polarized light was used, they were successfully distinguished by the comparison. Therefore, polarized light is useful for the forensic discrimination of passport films by the measurement of FT-IR spectra.     

练习摹仿笔迹的检验

在笔迹检验所受理的案件中,采取练习摹仿手法进行作案的呈上升趋势。练习摹仿笔迹酷似被摹仿人笔迹,仿真度高。如何准确识别摹仿,认定摹仿人,已成为当前文检工作者研究的重点课题之一。本文作者总结实践经验,参考有关文献,探讨了练习摹仿笔迹的形成机理、特点、变化规律、相关因素及检验对策。     

Analysis of Pigmented Inkjet Printer Inks and Printed Documents by Laser Desorption/Mass Spectrometry*,†

Abstract: Anyone with a computer, scanner, and color printer has the capability for creating documents such as identification cards, passports, and counterfeit currency. Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for colorant analysis. Inkjet printers are now moving largely toward the use of pigments as colorants; their insolubility makes analysis by simpler methods such as thin‐layer chromatography no longer an option. Recent developments in pigmented inkjet printer inks, such as gloss optimizers that coat pigment particles, may prohibit colorant analysis by LDMS. We demonstrate here that pigments used in inks from two Epson printers can be detected and analyzed by LDMS. Also, LDMS spectra of various colors created using a 4‐cartridge (cyan/magenta/yellow/black, CMYK) inkset are evaluated, to begin to develop an approach for unraveling LDMS data from real samples, to determine the number of inks used by a printer, and the chemical composition of the colorants.     

浓缩DNA法结合miniSTR分型技术检验微量DNA

目的优化低拷贝数DNA STR分型方法。方法对采用磁珠法或Chelex-100法提取DNA,Identi-filer试剂盒扩增,未获得分型结果的日常检案检材,采用物理浓缩法或过柱浓缩法浓缩DNA,采用miniFilerTM试剂盒再次扩增分型。结果 127例检材中,47例磁珠法提取DNA未获得分型的样品,分型成功率为36%;80例Chelex-100法提取DNA未获分型的样品,分型成功率为30%。结论采用浓缩法和miniFilerTM试剂盒,可以提高日常检案中低拷贝数检材的STR检验分型成功率。     

检察机关提起公益诉讼程序性问题探析

在检察机关提起公益诉讼案件日益增多情况下,我国有关此类诉讼的程序缺失问题也逐步凸显。目前,检察机关提起的公益诉讼在诉讼的类型、检察机关的身份、是否需要程序前置、诉讼费用及后果的分担、实体及程序的处分权以及证明责任等一系列基础性程序问题上需要进一步明确。检察机关提起公益案件涉及到的程序问题是制约该制度发展关键所在,学界对此应当积极回应,我国的程序立法也应及时修改,以适应现实需要。     

行政违法的检察监督制度之缺陷分析

检察机关有权对行政行为和行政诉讼实行法律监督,这是我国宪法和行政诉讼法确立的基本原则。行政违法检察监督作为法律监督的重要内容之一,要求检察机关通过对行政行为的合法性进行检察监督来保障国家行政主体的合法行政。针对行政违法检察监督制度的缺陷,需要对我国现行的行政违法检察监督制度进行相应调整,使之成为监督行政的重要保障。     

延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查

为了解吉林省延边地区牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行情况,分别采用血涂片染色镜检法和PCR方法对采自延边地区的206份牛血液样本进行了牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的分子流行病学调查。结果显示,PCR检测的阳性率为62.6%,显著高于血涂片染色镜检法检测的阳性率(17.5%)。采用统计学分析方法对PCR检测的206份血液样本进行了不同地区、不同年龄、不同品种及饲养方式的比较;结果,不同地区之间和不同品种之间瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异不显著(P>0.05);而不同年龄阶段之间和不同饲养方式之间牛瑟氏泰勒虫感染率差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,吉林省延边地区是牛瑟氏泰勒虫病的流行地区。     

A Prototype of Mathematical Treatment of Pen Pressure Data for Signature Verification

A prototype using simple mathematical treatment of the pen pressure data recorded by a digital pen movement recording device was derived. In this study, a total of 48 sets of signature and initial specimens were collected. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare the data of the pen pressure patterns. From the 820 pair comparisons of the 48 sets of genuine signatures, a high degree of matching was found in which 95.4% (782 pairs) and 80% (656 pairs) had rPA > 0.7 and rPA > 0.8, respectively. In the comparison of the 23 forged signatures with their corresponding control signatures, 20 of them (89.2% of pairs) had rPA values < 0.6, showing a lower degree of matching when compared with the results of the genuine signatures. The prototype could be used as a complementary technique to improve the objectivity of signature examination and also has a good potential to be developed as a tool for automated signature identification.