利用暗记特征鉴别彩色激光打印、复印文件

目的探讨激光打印机的暗记特征,为鉴别彩色激光打印、复印文件找到一种有效的方法。方法根据不同物质对光的反射特性及蓝色与黄色互补特性的原理,采用420nm左右蓝光照射方法,对部分品牌彩色激光打印、复印文件进行了初步分析研究,总结了暗记点阵形态特征、小点形态特征、出现位置特征和排列含义等特征。结果此方法对彩色激光打印、复印机具的种类鉴别和个体鉴别简便、有效。     

唐代刑事证据制度考略

唐代是中国封建社会经济、政治和文化发展的鼎盛时期,其法律制度也达到了古代封建法制的最高水平。唐代总结其前代王朝刑事证据之经验并有所创新,直接影响着后世。唐代立法和司法实践体现了据证惟实、重视伦理权衡等证据原则,主要证据形式包括口供、证人证言、物证、书证和勘验笔录,相应的取证方法主要有取得口供和证言的刑讯、获取实物证据的现场勘验和搜查,司法官员运用经验和逻辑推理综合审查和运用证据。     

Expert examination and assessment of state under the influence of psychoactive substances

An expert examination is a medical examination performed by a doctor on the order of a police officer or investigating judge. It includes a clinical examination of the subject, collection of samples for toxicological analysis, and the doctor's assessment of whether the subject is under the influence of psychoactive substances. The doctor requires expert knowledge, skill, experience and sufficient time to successfully perform the examination. Since the accurate assessment of the effects of psychoactive substances present depends on a comprehensive evaluation of toxicological test results, the calculation of results at the time of the event and the results of the medical examination, an unprofessionally performed examination can have far-reaching consequences, primarily legal in nature.     

红外线合成图像在变造文件检验中的应用与分析

在文件检验中,黑白红外线照相是一种检验变造文件的方法,然而,在某些情况下效果欠佳。为了提高检验的准确性,不妨可以应用红外线合成图像的方法。应用Photoshop图像处理方法,根据红外线彩色照相的感光原理和色彩再现过程,对数码照相机拍摄的可见光图像和红外线图像进行适当处理,即可生成红外线合成图像。这种图像可以反映字迹对可见光和红外线的吸收与反射情况,通过判断字迹颜色有否改变来检验书写色料的异同。由此可见,利用红外线合成图像方法检验某些变造文件,可以获得黑白红外线照相无法得到的检验结果,这对提高鉴定结论的准确性具有实际应用价值。     

论我国检察权的法律性质

理论界关于我国检察权的性质有行政权说、司法权说及行政司法两重性说三种观点,这些学说各有利弊。我国检察权的本质属性应为法律监督权。     

检察机关加强对举报人保护的探析

近年来检察机关查处的职务犯罪案件中有60％的线索来源于群众举报,但是现行的举报人保护机制不健全,影响了检察机关查处案件的效率。采取有力措施,加强对证人、举报人的保护是检察机关有效查处职务犯罪案件的保证。笔者分析了近年来检察机关举报工作面临的新情况和保护举报人工作出现的新问题,并结合检察工作实际提出了切实可行的对策和建议。     

比较法视野下我国的侦检关系及其完善

只了解一国法律制度的人,不可能真正认识本国的法律制度。当今世界,无论是实行＂侦检分离＂的英美法系国家,还是实行＂侦检一体＂的大陆法系国家,侦检关系不再是绝对的＂分离＂或＂一体＂,而都强调侦检双方的协助与合作。针对我国现行侦检关系的暴露出来的诸多问题,以检警双方的＂适当结合＂为核心,建立一种＂检察引导侦查＂新型侦检关系,于理有据,于实有利,符合中国的国情和现代刑事诉讼制度的发展规律。     

论检察机关提起民事公益诉讼制度的构建

目前我国的法律没有规定检察机关可以进行民事公益诉讼,随着法治进程的不断深入,公益纠纷的不断出现,急需通过法律设定代表公共利益的法律主体并赋予其相应的诉权。在此背景之下,确立检察机关作为国家利益和社会公共利益的原属主体资格,建立检察机关提起民事公益诉讼制度,已是当务之急。     

Age determination of ballpoint pen ink by thermal desorption and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Two main approaches can be used for determining the age of an ink: indirect dating and direct dating. Indirect dating is based on the chemical analysis of an ink followed by comparison with known samples in a reference collection. The collection should contain information about the inks including the market introduction dates. This approach may allow for an anachronism to be detected. The second concept is based on measuring ink components that change with age. The analysis of solvents in ballpoint inks may be a useful parameter for determining the age of ink on paper. In a previous study, the authors demonstrated that thermal desorption of ink directly from paper, followed by chemical analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), is a promising procedure for characterizing ink-binder resins and solvents. Preliminary tests showed that monitoring the evaporation of ink solvent from ink on paper is not a suitable method for ink dating. Thermal analysis of ink on paper in two steps revealed that fresh ink releases a relative amount of solvent at a certain low temperature in a defined period of time, which decreases as the ink ages. As a consequence, this relative amount of solvent released at a certain low temperature, and its decrease with time, can be used to estimate ink age. This age-dependent parameter was studied in 85 different inks ranging in age from 1 week to 1.5 years. It was found that some inks showed a significant decrease of this parameter up to an age of several months, and that the aging process can be monitored within this period. For other inks, however, the age-dependent parameter decreases relatively fast, e.g., within a few days, to a constant level, which can be too fast for casework. Based on these results, a general procedure for assessing the age of ballpoint pen inks on paper was developed.     

论民事执行检察监督的制度价值

民事执行检察监督的价值及其能否满足社会的客观需要,直接关系到民事执行检察监督的存废。就中国目前的宪政体制与司法现状,民事执行检察监督不仅需要,而且必须加强和完善。其是解决目前民事"执行乱",制约执行权,实现司法公正,保证宪法和法律统一与正确实施的必须,是维护宪法和法律尊严的需要。在民事诉讼法全面修改纳入议事日程之际,应该重视其价值,明确、细化民事执行检察监督制度,使其产生应有的效果。