论贫困地区经济增长方式的转变

加快转变经济增长方式是《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划的建议》中提出的重大课题。我们认为,发达、较发达地区需要加快转变经济增长方式,贫困地区更需要转变。对前者来说,转变经济增长方式是为了加快发展;对后者而言,转变经济增长方式则不仅仅是为了脱贫。贫困地区经济增长方式转变的意义,不仅在于该地区会从粗放型经营方式向集约化经营方式转变,而且在于由于这一转变会带来贫困地区的社会分工、经济结构以及经济体制等发生裂变。     

论“三个代表”是唯物史观在当代的创新

邓小平在新的历史时期把马克思创立的唯物史观实践论提哥为“生产力标准”,以此纠正了长期以来传统马克思主义哲学体系将“实践”与“生产力”割裂的这一偏离马克思哲学革命实质的根本缺陷,从生产力标准上对社会主义本质作出了新的概括。江泽民“三个代表”的重要思想立足于马克思唯物史观实践论和生产力标准的高度,揭示了共产党先进性的哲学基础和社会基础,揭示了共产党的本质和执政规律,揭示了社会主义自我发展和完善的规律以及人类社会发展规律的新内容。由此,“三个代表”重要思想成为马克思主义哲学在当代中国发展的新形态、新阶段。     

促进社会科学科研生产力发展的对策

在新世纪和深刻变化的国际环境中全面建设我国的小康社会,实践对科学理论的需求空前迫切,哲学社会科学战线肩负着繁重而艰巨的使命。通过体制改革与制度创新,进一步解放社会科学科研生产力、促进社会科学发展刻不容缓。本文从促进社会科学科研生产力发展的角度,对当前我国社会科学研究体制中存在的问题提出了七点对策性建议。     

马克思主义生产力理论在执政党建设中的科学运用和发展——学习江泽民关于党要始终成为中国先进生产力发展要求的忠实代表的思想

江泽民关于党要始终成为中国先进社会生产力发展要求的忠实代表的论断 ,运用生产力构成要素中的能动性要素理论 ,强调充分调动和发挥全党和全国人民的积极性、主动性和创造性 ,实现生产力系统中劳动者要素与其它要素的高效配置 ;运用生产力发展规律的理论 ,把不断解放和发展社会生产力 ,作为党实现其领导建设有中国特色的社会主义经济职能的根本体现 ;运用科学技术是第一生产力的理论 ,把党建设成一个既具有先进的思想政治觉悟又聚集了一大批科技英才的组织 ,使党员和党组织成为先进生产力发展要求的杰出代表。     

The Impact of EU Membership on UK Economic Performance

The relatively deep level of economic integration achieved by the European Union (EU) has been highly successful in increasing trade for its members. Larger trade volumes have had positive effects on productivity levels. In the case of the United Kingdom the gain from joining the EU was probably around 10 per cent of GDP and this far exceeded any costs of membership, possibly by a ratio of seven to one. A major reason for this outcome was a significant increase in competition as protectionism was abandoned. The economic implications of Brexit are much less clear because there are many permutations of what it would entail. Future trade barriers rather than budgetary transfers are the main issue. Brexit could be quite costly if the UK left the single market and used its new policy space badly. Ironically, while Brexit clearly appeals to free traders, it could end up empowering protectionists.     

过度劳动：历史演进及公共政策

研究过度劳动的基本目的是为制定遏制过度劳动的公共政策提供依据,为此,不仅要基于医学的视角,还需要基于公共政策的视角审视过度劳动。研究分析了从原始社会、农业社会、工业社会到后工业社会历史演进中导致过度劳动的劳动生产率因素和制度因素,解释过度劳动的历史演变并探讨遏制过度劳动公共政策的着力点。研究认为,过度劳动的形成受劳动生产率和制度等因素的影响。一般来说,劳动者因追求效用最大化会在劳动生产率低下的条件下选择过度劳动,公共政策的干预既无必要,也难有作为,而因制度导致的过度劳动,公共政策才有一定的着力空间。     

Performance measurement in Australian water utilities. Current state and future directions

Ensuring universal and affordable water supply is a central objective of government. An efficient water supply sector plays a primary role in ensuring this objective is met. Scale economies and capital-intensive immobile assets means monopoly emerges as the dominant organizational form, and when combined with an essential character, a strong case exists for economic and technical regulation. Yet diversity in water service provider scale means economic regulation, which is costly, is not always viable. A comprehensive performance monitoring and reporting regime for water service providers is thus crucial. It is crucial for oversight of unregulated entities, and for regulated entities in generating competition by comparison. In this article, we undertake an expansive literature review and summarize approaches to performance measurement by the water industry. Academic literature reveals researchers have centered their approach using comprehensive methods such as data envelopment analysis and stochastic frontier analysis. With the exception of the Victorian Essential Services Commission, the Australian Industry persists with partial indicators. Given water and sewerage price increases of more than 100% in real terms from 2005 to 2014, we find a strong case for implementing advanced methods to address the task of providing a holistic picture of utility performance.     

Family farming in Brazil: evolution between the 1996 and 2006 agricultural censuses

This article compares the main findings of Brazilian agricultural census data of 1996 with the same of 2006 by applying the methodology known as ‘FAO/INCRA’ (Food Agriculture Organization/Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária) which allows the characterization of family farms in relation to the total universe of farms. In this comparison several variables are shown, including the share of family farming in the total value of production, in the total number of farms, utilization of modern technology and partial factor productivity. Census data shows that family farming has changed from 37.91 percent of total production value to 36.11 percent during a decade of strong expansion of agriculture as a whole, demonstrating the economic relevance of this segment which, besides producing food, is integrated in the most important productive agricultural chains of the Brazilian agribusiness. Family farming is a heterogeneous segment, with different sub-segments. During the studied period of ten years the most rich of these sub-segments (A) has increased participation in total production, while the poorer sub-segments (C and D) have only grown in absolute terms without a corresponding increase in production.     

Prosperity in crisis and the longue durée in Africa

ABSTRACT

Understanding the evolution and tenacity of particular ways of envisaging economic growth and development for Africa requires a form of analytical history that examines how conceptual structures function over the longue durée. Such an approach is more than simply empirical analysis through time or a set of abstractions based on the self-understandings of historical agents. It involves the development of a hypothetical analytic structure which through its own forms of transformation eventually comes to play a role in shaping the lived world of participants, including researchers, policymakers and ordinary citizens. This article uses research from Kenya and Zambia to demonstrate how a long-running – but temporally and spatially variable – focus on agricultural productivity has shaped the character of rural life in Africa, and why it has consistently failed to deliver enlarged forms of prosperity based on quality of life and ecological well-being.