经济法与社会法关系考辨——兼与董保华先生商榷

经济法与社会法关系的研究是一个重大的理论课题,当下学界对二者的关系也存在不同的看法。但有的社会法学者对已有的经济法理论成果存在着重大的误读,本文对此作出了必要的回应,并指出经济法与社会法是有殊别的,二者在发展中不会达到归并与融合,社会法不是经济法发展的终极进路。     

CHILDREN,THE UNCRC,AND FAMILY LAW IN ENGLAND AND WALES

There is no doubt that, overall, there has been a great deal of activity in relation to children's rights under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) since it was ratified by the UK government in 1991. Of particular significance in the context of family law, however, are the provisions of Article 12, which have in many ways proved to be more problematic than other provisions, not least because, in the context of family law, children's participation rights are necessarily juxtaposed with the long‐standing and hitherto unchallenged rights of parents to make important decisions about family life. The reorganisation in 2001 of the family court welfare services in England and Wales with the creation of the Children and Family Courts Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS), generated a new impetus for the consideration of children's participation rights and, at an organizational level, considerable progress has been made in embracing the provisions of the UNCRC. More problematic, however, is the acceptance of children's participation in making decisions about their futures by adults using and working in the family justice system. At the level of the courts, judicial attitudes are slow to change and in England, as court judgments often demonstrate, these are firmly rooted in a view of children as being incompetent in such issues; at the level of parents using the system, it is arguable that new discourses about the best interests of the child serve as a proxy for continuing discourses about parents’ rights that have become evident, most recently, in the context of an increasingly influential fathers’ rights lobby; and at the level of welfare practitioners, recent research also demonstrates that, although the rhetoric of children's rights is widely accepted, the willingness and ability to make these real in the context of family proceedings is, for a variety of reasons, less in evidence.     

危险驾驶罪犯罪构成及相关问题研究——以风险社会管理为视角

德国社会学教授乌尔利希.贝克指出,风险社会已成为当今社会的中心议题。为了实现对风险社会的管理,我国在立法上,特别是刑事立法上不断与时俱进,进行了相应的修改,危险驾驶罪作为抽象危险犯,是刑罚处罚的早期化,它是风险社会中风险控制的体现,能实现刑法的提前保护,又能充分保障人权,防止刑罚权滥用。     

竞技体育暴力行为之刑法介入

目前,竞技体育领域强调行业自治,排斥刑法介入,致使体育暴力行为日益猖獗。刑法应当介入竞技体育暴力行为,这符合刑法谦抑性的要求、社会公众的要求以及国外司法实践的作法。刑法介入竞技体育暴力行为,应当以严重脱逸社会相当性理论为依据,遵循有限介入的原则,严格确定刑法介入的范围和程度,疏通刑法介入的渠道,并依照一定的程序予以介入。     

POLICE INTERVENTION AND THE REPEAT OF DOMESTIC ASSAULT

We use the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine whether domestic violence is less likely to be repeated if it is reported to the police and if the offender is arrested. Our longitudinal analyses suggest that reporting has a fairly strong deterrent effect, whereas the effect of arrest is small and statistically insignificant. We find no support for the hypothesis that offenders retaliate when victims (rather than third parties) call the police or when victims sign complaints. We also find no evidence that the effects of reporting or arrest depend on the seriousness of the offense, a history of violence by the offender or sociodemographic characteristics. Our results suggest that the best policies for deterrence will be those that encourage victims and third parties to report violence by intimate partners to the police.     

试论税法对环境污染行为的调控

在环境保护领域 ,市场失灵使政府干预成为必要 ;而政府干预也会失灵又需要干预政府。税法作为经济法宏观调控的重要组成部分 ,集经济手段和法律手段于一身 ;税法其实又是一个综合的领域 ,具有不同法律部门的功能。故税法既能干预市场 ,又能干预政府 ;既能解决市场失灵 ,又能解决政府失败     

八二宪法实施状况评析

评价八二宪法实施状况在理论上是一个非常复杂的系统工程,它涉及到评价方法、评价对象、评价标准等等因素的影响。从总体上来看,八二宪法的绝大多数条款在立法实施层面都得到了比较好的体现,全国人大及其常委会已经通过制定具体法律的形式将现行宪法中的主要条文加以细化,故考察现行宪法具体条文的实施状况应当从考察这些具体法律入手。应当对八二宪法实施状况建立一个兼具客观标准和主观评价相结合的科学评估机制,还应当引进诸如宪法时刻、宪法阻却等等可以明显判定宪法实施状况的基础性概念,才能更有效地来评价八二宪法实施的真实状况,从而为完善宪法实施制度、加强对宪法实施的监督提供准确和有效的分析数据。     

论经济法的本质

本质作为事物内在的规定性,具有一般性、抽象性、相对的稳定性及结构上的多层次性。法的本质作为法的内在规定性,具有深刻性、隐蔽性及多层次性。它是法与其他事物内在的区分尺度。它体现着统治阶级的意志,根本上决定于社会的物质条件,是主体自由的规范性保障。社会物质生活条件是法的更深层次的本质,统治阶级的意志是法的初级本质,而法成其为法的内在规定性则是法的特殊本质。界定经济法的本质要明确其路径与前提,并有效厘清学术界目前对这一问题的种种误解。“国家干预经济之法”即为经济法的本质。     

政府干预与市场调节之间的重新平衡——金融危机责任费的经济法反思与启示

政府救助金融危机容易引发市场主体的道德风险,如何在政府与市场主体之间重新分配责任,以纠正因政府救助所致的政府干预与市场调节之间的失衡,是后金融危机时代法律关注的重点。对大型的金融机构征收金融危机责任费,让其最终承担起政府救助成本有助于恢复政府与市场之间的平衡。金融危机责任费对市场主体权利义务的重新调整与责任的重新分配,突破了传统的法律责任理论,具有明显的社会性和身份性;而金融风险的外部性、大型金融机构与中小金融机构之间的不平等风险地位是金融危机责任费的风险根源。此外,它对于完善我国金融法制建设也具有重要的启示意义。