International Law: A Discipline of Crisis

This article examines the way that international lawyers tend to focus on crises for the development of international law. It uses the reactions of international lawyers to NATO's intervention in Kosovo in 1999 as a case study of this tendency and argues that the crisis focus impoverishes the discipline of international law. The article proposes the idea of an international law of everyday life as an alternative.     

试论美国对苏维埃俄国的武装干涉

十月革命胜利后，美国参与了协约国对苏维埃俄国的武装干涉，并试图借此机会推翻苏维埃政权。由于美国的干涉遭到国内外民众的反对；参与干涉的各国，特剐是美日存在明显的矛盾；俄国反布尔什维克派别自身的腐败；俄国广大民众的英勇抵抗等因素，美国和协约国的武装干涉最终以失败告终。     

医疗体制改革的法学思考——基于医改成果公平分享的视角

医疗体制改革面临着艰难的抉择。如何正确确定医改的目标,使广大人民共享医改成果,是构建和谐社会的一个重要方面。医改偏离社会目标的原因有四:一是政府干预不足与干预过度;二是医疗市场化过度与市场化不足;三是医疗产品的"三重"属性;四是医患关系具有特殊性。从法学的视角进行检视,医改要达致其预期的目标,就必须在效率与可及性上下功夫。要依法规范政府、医疗市场、医院、医生及患者的关系,造就一种制度安排下的利益均衡关系。     

司法介入公司僵局处理制度的探讨

司法介入是当前公司治理中的一个必然趋势。美国在公司僵局处理之中有较为完善的司法介入方案。我国在本次公司法修订中虽然在诸多方面都有顺应时代发展和实践需要的改进,但对司法介入公司僵局处理这一问题并未予以关注。文章对公司僵局的内涵以及司法介入处理制度的存在原因进行了阐述,并在介绍美国司法介入公司僵局处理制度的同时,提出了我国所应构建的制度模式。     

论“私法自治”的授权规范性质——一个哈特的次要规则的分析视角

“私法自治”承载着人们对于法治的基本信念。然而,在法律规范层面,“私法自治”却是立法者的产物,是国家干预的体现。私人依据“私法自治”条款只是从立法者那里获得了为自己制定主要规则的权限;私人规则通往法律规则需要经受立法者设定的种种资格考验。法院接受立法的授权,在“私法自治”的实现中既是私人规则能否具有法律效力的审查者和决定者,同时也是法律效力得到确认的私人规则的执行者之一。     

星座热:值得关注的青少年网络迷信

青少年星座热是伴随着网络流行文化而来的一种值得关注的网络迷信现象。其产生与青少年心理需求及学业、工作压力密切相关。家庭、学校和社会应进行积极的疏导和干预,以利青少年健康成长。     

社会公共安全危机干预

公开化的暴力与潜暴力的实施,导致了社会公共安全秩序的混乱,构成了对公众安全心理的极大威胁,直接干扰着一个地区经济投资软环境的形成,故而成为当前社会经济建设的一种障碍。针对当今社会公共安全危机事端频发的现实,为了保障正常的公共安全秩序,以维护社会公民的人身安全,就很有必要对种种影响到社会公共安全的事件进行系统研究,并从中找到解决的办法,进行有效的干预。     

针刺足三里穴对吗啡依赖大鼠条件性位置偏爱的影响

目的:探讨针刺对吗啡依赖性的影响。方法:复制吗啡依赖大鼠模型,观察针刺足三里穴对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及吗啡条件性位置偏爱的影响。结果:针刺组比模型组戒断症状积分明显减少(P<0.01),治疗后针刺组比模型组大鼠在白箱内停留时间减少,差异有显著性。结论:针刺具有抑制吗啡依赖性,对复吸行为具有潜在的干预作用。     

TESTING A RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL OF AIRLINE HIJACKINGS*

Using data that combines information from the Federal Aviation Administration, the RAND Corporation and a newly developed database on global terrorist activity, we are able to examine trends in 1,101 attempted aerial hijackings that occurred around the world from 1931 to 2003. We have especially complete information for 828 hijackings that occurred before 1986. Using a rational choice theoretical framework, we use continuous‐time survival analysis to estimate the impact of several major counterhijacking interventions on the hazard of differently motivated hijacking attempts and logistic regression analysis to model the predictors of successful hijackings. Some of these interventions use certainty‐based strategies of target hardening to reduce the perceived likelihood of success. Others focus on raising the perceived costs of hijacking by increasing the severity of punishment. We also assess which strategies were most effective in deterring hijackers whose major purpose was related to terrorism. We found support for the conclusion that new hijacking attempts were less likely to be undertaken when the certainty of apprehension was increased through metal detectors and law enforcement at passenger checkpoints. We also found that fewer hijackers attempted to divert airliners to Cuba once that country made it a crime to hijack flights. Our results support the contagion view that hijacking rates significantly increase after a series of hijackings closely clustered in time—but only when these attempts were successful. Finally, we found that the policy interventions examined here significantly decreased the likelihood of nonterrorist but not that of terrorist hijackings.     

PROGRAMS FOR PROMOTING PARENTING OF RESIDENTIAL PARENTS: Moving From Efficacy to Effectiveness

This article reviews prevention programs that target primary residential parents as change agents for improving children's postdivorce adjustment. First, we review parental risk and protective factors for children from divorced families, including parenting quality, parental mental health problems, interparental conflict, and contact with the nonresidential parent. Following a discussion of brief informational interventions, we describe the findings of evaluations of three multisession, skill-building interventions for divorced parents. Impressive evidence is presented that parenting is a modifiable protective factor and that improving parenting leads to improvements in children's postdivorce adjustment. We then discuss, in greater detail, the New Beginnings Program, which we highlight because it has shown repeated, immediate effects on children's mental health outcomes as well as long-term effects on a wide array of other meaningful outcomes, such as diagnosis of mental disorder in the past year, externalizing problems, alcohol and drug use, and academic performance. Also, mediational analyses have shown that program-induced changes in parenting accounted for changes in mental health outcomes. The remainder of the article describes a research and action agenda that is needed to successfully implement the New Beginnings Program in domestic relations courts.