星座热:值得关注的青少年网络迷信

青少年星座热是伴随着网络流行文化而来的一种值得关注的网络迷信现象。其产生与青少年心理需求及学业、工作压力密切相关。家庭、学校和社会应进行积极的疏导和干预,以利青少年健康成长。     

社会公共安全危机干预

公开化的暴力与潜暴力的实施,导致了社会公共安全秩序的混乱,构成了对公众安全心理的极大威胁,直接干扰着一个地区经济投资软环境的形成,故而成为当前社会经济建设的一种障碍。针对当今社会公共安全危机事端频发的现实,为了保障正常的公共安全秩序,以维护社会公民的人身安全,就很有必要对种种影响到社会公共安全的事件进行系统研究,并从中找到解决的办法,进行有效的干预。     

针刺足三里穴对吗啡依赖大鼠条件性位置偏爱的影响

目的:探讨针刺对吗啡依赖性的影响。方法:复制吗啡依赖大鼠模型,观察针刺足三里穴对吗啡依赖大鼠戒断症状及吗啡条件性位置偏爱的影响。结果:针刺组比模型组戒断症状积分明显减少(P<0.01),治疗后针刺组比模型组大鼠在白箱内停留时间减少,差异有显著性。结论:针刺具有抑制吗啡依赖性,对复吸行为具有潜在的干预作用。     

TESTING A RATIONAL CHOICE MODEL OF AIRLINE HIJACKINGS*

Using data that combines information from the Federal Aviation Administration, the RAND Corporation and a newly developed database on global terrorist activity, we are able to examine trends in 1,101 attempted aerial hijackings that occurred around the world from 1931 to 2003. We have especially complete information for 828 hijackings that occurred before 1986. Using a rational choice theoretical framework, we use continuous‐time survival analysis to estimate the impact of several major counterhijacking interventions on the hazard of differently motivated hijacking attempts and logistic regression analysis to model the predictors of successful hijackings. Some of these interventions use certainty‐based strategies of target hardening to reduce the perceived likelihood of success. Others focus on raising the perceived costs of hijacking by increasing the severity of punishment. We also assess which strategies were most effective in deterring hijackers whose major purpose was related to terrorism. We found support for the conclusion that new hijacking attempts were less likely to be undertaken when the certainty of apprehension was increased through metal detectors and law enforcement at passenger checkpoints. We also found that fewer hijackers attempted to divert airliners to Cuba once that country made it a crime to hijack flights. Our results support the contagion view that hijacking rates significantly increase after a series of hijackings closely clustered in time—but only when these attempts were successful. Finally, we found that the policy interventions examined here significantly decreased the likelihood of nonterrorist but not that of terrorist hijackings.     

PROGRAMS FOR PROMOTING PARENTING OF RESIDENTIAL PARENTS: Moving From Efficacy to Effectiveness

This article reviews prevention programs that target primary residential parents as change agents for improving children's postdivorce adjustment. First, we review parental risk and protective factors for children from divorced families, including parenting quality, parental mental health problems, interparental conflict, and contact with the nonresidential parent. Following a discussion of brief informational interventions, we describe the findings of evaluations of three multisession, skill-building interventions for divorced parents. Impressive evidence is presented that parenting is a modifiable protective factor and that improving parenting leads to improvements in children's postdivorce adjustment. We then discuss, in greater detail, the New Beginnings Program, which we highlight because it has shown repeated, immediate effects on children's mental health outcomes as well as long-term effects on a wide array of other meaningful outcomes, such as diagnosis of mental disorder in the past year, externalizing problems, alcohol and drug use, and academic performance. Also, mediational analyses have shown that program-induced changes in parenting accounted for changes in mental health outcomes. The remainder of the article describes a research and action agenda that is needed to successfully implement the New Beginnings Program in domestic relations courts.     

Global Television News and Foreign Policy: Debating the CNN Effect

This study investigates the origins and development of the cable news network (CNN) effect hypothesis. It reveals an ongoing debate among politicians, officials, and journalists who are involved in the political processes that this hypothesis attempts to explain, and also among scholars who have been studying it. Debates have been conducted both within and among these groups on the meaning and validity of the CNN effect, but none has contributed significantly to resolving the issue. On the contrary, these debates have presented contradicting statements that have only created confusion and misunderstanding. This study presents lessons from the decade-long effort to explore the CNN effect and projects a new agenda for more useful approaches towards different effects of global communication, apart from those covered by the present controversial hypothesis.     

DIRECTLY INTERVENE OR CALL THE AUTHORITIES? A STUDY OF FORMS OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL CONTROL WITHIN A SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION FRAMEWORK*

Informal social control is a central concept in the contemporary social disorganization literature, and much attention has been directed at examining community characteristics related to variation in the quantity of informal social control across communities. However, considerably less attention has been paid to variation in forms of informal social control. This study examines the extent to which neighborhood characteristics are related to residents’likelihood of using two different forms of informal social control: direct informal social control (i.e., through direct intervention) and indirect informal social control (i.e., through mobilizing formal authorities). Data for this study are based on surveys of residents in 66 neighborhoods. The analysis uses hierarchical modeling to examine whether neighborhood characteristics central to contemporary social disorganization theory have similar effects on these two forms of neighborhood social control. Findings indicate that social ties increase the likelihood of direct informal social control but not indirect informal social control, whereas social cohesion and trust decreases indirect informal social control but does not have a significant effect on direct informal social control. Faith in the police is not found to affect either form of informal social control. These findings are discussed in terms of current issues in contemporary social disorganization theory.     

State-building or state-capture? Institutional exports,local reception and hybridity of reforms in post-war Kosovo

ABSTRACT

Post-war Kosovo has been the subject of a highly intrusive international state-building project, including an unprecedented influx of international administrators, assistance and funds. However, it increasingly bears the hallmark of a weak and captured state. This special issue contributes theoretical and empirical insights that shed light on possible explanations, difficulties and prospects of the state-building project in Kosovo. Theoretically, we investigate how international and local explanations play out, interact and gain dominance over each other; highlight the local factors that shape the experience of state-building; and focus on the hybridity of institution- and state-building on the ground. Empirically, we take stock of two decades of international state-building activities and one decade of independent statehood by providing long-term and in-depth analysis of specific areas of reform – municipal governance, state bureaucracy, normalization of relations between Serbia and Kosovo, education, creation of armed forces, security sector reforms and reception of Salafi ideologies. Such time-sensitive, case-nuanced and empirically heavy analysis enables the authors to go back and forth between the role of international activities, domestic strategies of resistance and evidence of hybrid reforms in order to test the role of competing explanations.     

我国股市波动的政策性及基金把握政策市能力的分析

我国证券市场波动的政策性及相关影响是学术界关注的热点问题。本文首先通过事件统计法肯定了我国政策影响股市波动性的存在,进而对我国股市异常波动点上证券投资基金的管理绩效进行了实证检验。结论显示,证券投资基金对利空政策有较好的预期,能及时对投资方向及仓位进行调整;对利好政策则提前反应,其事后的表现相对不显著;与个人投资者相比,即使在政策市下,基金依然有一定的竞争优势。     

经济法上的非强制性干预研究

经济法被视为克服市场失灵的基本法律形式。解决市场失灵问题的基本途径既包括强制性干预,也包括非强制性干预。可以将经济法上的非强制性干预划分为投资经营、经济合同、经济促导、民主协商、行政给付、信息供给、行业协会干预几种类型,在此基础上有必要对非强制性干预的价值、存在的问题及完善的路径作进一步分析,以深化对经济法干预机制的认识。