“中间性保险”及其私法规制

健康保险、意外伤害保险既不同于采取定额给付的生命保险,也不同于补偿财物损失的财产保险,而是介于传统人身保险和财产保险之间的一种"中间性保险"。就保险合同规制而言,依其目的而区分为填补具体损害(财产损失)的损失补偿合同和填补抽象损害(人身损害)的定额给付合同,并由此确定超额保险、重复保险、保险代位权等规则之适用对象,才是符合法理的立法模式。健康保险、意外伤害保险中的医疗费用部分,不应排除损害填补原则之适用,亦即存在超额保险问题,故应受重复保险规则规制。意外伤害保险在应由第三者对保险事故负侵权之责的情形下,对其医疗费用应容许适用保险代位权。     

海洋资源权属制度的多维解读

海洋资源利用的"xx使用权模式"引发一系列海洋资源权属理论上的困境。在"体系后研究范式"下,海洋资源权属从"公有物"到私权盛行的变迁,表明传统私法视域下海洋资源权属制度具有反思和检讨的必要性,这是由海洋资源权属立法上的诟病、适用范畴的不周全性以及理论依据的争议性所决定的。基于海洋资源国家所有权、环境法理念以及国家主权或者管理权等多维逻辑进路的考量,海洋资源权属制度是公私法色彩兼具的混合权属机制。海洋资源权属制度的多维解读,其主要的现实价值在于提升民族的海洋意识和海洋能力。     

The big,bad wolf and the rational market: portfolio insurance,the 1987 crash and the performativity of economics

This article distinguishes two meanings of the performativity of economics, a thesis advanced by Michel Callon: ‘generic’ performativity, according to which markets and other economic relations are not to be taken as given, but as performed by economic practices; and ‘Austinian’ performativity, in which economics brings into being the relationships it describes. The two versions of performativity are explored by means of an examination of the history of portfolio insurance (a financial-market technique based on the economics of option pricing), of the 1987 stock market crash, and of subsequent efforts to diagnose the causes of the crash and to redesign the market to avoid future catastrophe. The article emphasizes the extent to which the financial markets of high modernity are designed entities, and argues that the question of their design is always a political question, even if it is seldom recognized as such.     

我国知识产权反垄断的执法研究

《反垄断法》第五十五条规定了知识产权和反垄断法之间的关系,但这样简单规定并不足以解决知识产权领域反垄断执法的现实问题。知识产权并非一种合法垄断权,其与垄断并不天然地存在联系。笔者在比较三大重要经济体美国、欧盟和日本在知识产权反垄断的执法经验的基础上,提出了平衡我国知识产权和反垄断法之间关系的具体的反垄断执法建议。     

财产纠纷的若干问题

近年来非婚同居的现象越来越普遍,由非婚同居引发的各种纠纷也越发凸显,尤其是财产纠纷更为突出.对于我国非婚同居的财产问题,我国的现行规定则是少而又少,缺乏实际意义上的操作性,且过于原则化,不足以应对在实践中产生的各种各样的纠纷.法律应当做出必要的规范,以统一司法认识,对于同居予以立法规制,可以更好地保护公民个人的合法权益,特别是保护弱者的权利不受侵害.     

房产税改革面临的法律困境与出路——以沪渝两市房产税试点为例

房产税改革伴随着中国房地产宏观调控应运而生,对于国家收入分配制度和税收制度改革亦具有重大意义.该文以当下沪渝两试点地区的房产税改革现状为切入点,阐释了中国房产税改革所面临的困境,提出制定统一的房产税法、建立房屋产权登记制度、明确房产税税收要素、健全税收征管机制并合理配合保障房建设等解决问题的思路,旨在为房产税的良性运行提供持续稳定的长效保障.     

加强文化产业领域的知识产权保护

知识产权保护是推动文化产业发展的重要保障。目前,我国文化产业领域知识产权保护现状不容乐观,著作权保护进程缓慢,商标保护和品牌意识落后,地理标志保护严重滞后,专利权保护的瓶颈有待突破,商业秘密保护意识缺乏,民族传统文化保护遭遇海外挑战。因此,我国文化产业领域知识产权法律保护必须加强版权立法与执法,重视商标保护,实施品牌战略,创新地理标志保护,强化申请资格审查,全方位保护商业秘密,不断加强传统文化的源头保护,唯此,才能不断推进社会主义文化强国建设。     

Social contract theory and the semiotics of guns in America

We present a semiotic model of gun possession in America based upon the social contract theories put forward by Locke, Rousseau, and Rawls. Our central focus is upon the rights of self-preservation and the protection of property. The model proposes that American political history has cycled between two sets of symbolic threats to the social contract: tyranny imposed by a despotic central government and chaos represented by outsiders designated as savages. We propose that the two central semiotic images presented in the origin myth of the USA – that of pioneers living on a savage frontier and citizens rebelling against tyrannical government – endorse the individual possession of firearms. The specific models of guns chosen by private citizens are found to be closely intertwined with military patterns of usage; thus, the US military seems to serve as a rhetorical vessel from which cultural ideals of appropriate weaponry are derived. Examples of American autobiographical writings, contemporary gun advertising, and popular culture fictional narratives are presented to ground the arguments. We conclude that individual access to the use of deadly force for self-defense and the defense of property is the semiological basis of the American social contract and that US government efforts to reduce civilian possession of firearms are unlikely to succeed.     

Comment on Harvey Jacobs' “Social conflict over property rights: the end,a new beginning,or a continuing debate?”

Jacobs draws on history, law, politics, and policy to examine the development and response of the private property movement and the social conflict over property rights and public planning. This comment suggests that the debate be broadened beyond the advocates of property rights and planning to include the interests of other members of the community, including minority and low-income households who are often affected by the outcomes. Otherwise, property will continue to be used to exclude people from democracy, rather than include them.     

The accumulation of lender-owned homes during the US mortgage crisis: examining metropolitan REO inventories

A key concern among policymakers and community developers in recent years has been the extent to which lender-owned homes, often called real estate owned or “REO” properties, accumulate in different local housing markets during the mortgage crisis. This paper describes the accumulation of REO properties in 356 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) from August 2006 to August 2008. It examines differences in both changes and static levels of REO activity across MSAs and compares changes in REO levels to changes in home values over the same period. Special attention is paid to 12 large MSAs with substantial levels of REO as of August 2008. A model of REO volume at the metropolitan level is estimated that includes differences in state foreclosure legal processes and timing among the independent variables. Finally, cluster analysis is used to identify a simple typology of MSAs based on REO levels and home price changes.