论检察机关法律监督权能之回归——“大检察”格局之构想

我国检察权具有全面的法律监督属性,但检察机关恢复重建30年来所行使的实质上是一种检察司法法律监督,属于狭义的法律监督,并不是真正意义上全面的检察法律监督,没有准确反映检察机关法律监督权能的法律定位,现阶段更有必要在司法权优化配置的视域下重新审视检察机关的法律监督权能的回归问题。鉴此,应在现有的法律框架下,全面复原、充分发挥、及时回归检察机关的法律监督权能,树立"大检察"格局,这既有法理依据、宪政基础,也有司法实践的诉求。途径是:扩大检察机关的外部法律监督权能、加大检察监督力度、提高检察人员素质、提高检察人员待遇,以实现司法公正效率,树立检察机关的法律权威。     

Empathy and objectivity in the legal procedure: the case of Swedish prosecutors

The role of empathy, the capacity to read someone else’s emotions, in the legal context has previously been studied in relation to primarily judges’ decision-making, often with a concern for objectivity. Our purpose is to study professional emotion management in the legal process through an analysis of Swedish prosecutors’ use of empathy. An ethnographic data collection took place between 2012 and 2015, including shadowing, observations and interviews with 36 prosecutors from 3 prosecution offices. The analysis shows that during the investigation, empathy helps identify the prerequisites of a crime and deciding if and how to prosecute. When preparing for trial, empathy is used to anticipate the situation in court. During the trial, the empathic process includes management of the emotions of others in order to stage credible testimonies, convince the judge and calm victims. The empathic process is oriented and restricted by the emotive–cognitive judicial frame through which prosecutors are rewarded by emotions of comfort and pride in demonstrating expertise of legal coding. We conclude that empathy is integral to prosecutors’ professional performance, including the requirement to be objective. The study points to the problems with silencing emotions and maintaining a positivist notion of objectivity in the legal system.     

澳大利亚检察机构及检察官的设置与管理

澳大利亚法律体系属于英美法系,各州从20世纪70年代逐渐开始设立独立的检察机构。笔者通过在新南威尔士州检察总署实习培训期间的调研,对澳大利亚检察机构的设置及其职权、检察官的设置及其管理、证人服务机构以及检察机关与其他国家机关的关系作以阐述。     

青海检察干警学历结构与《检察官法》的距离

中央党校不属于《检察官法》中的高等院校 ,其本科文凭不属于高等院校本科毕业。通过对青海检察机关干警学历结构的调查和统计 ,可以看出该省检察官的学历与《检察官法》的规定尚有一段距离。对未达到检察官条件的现有检察人员的培训中存在的问题 ,应予以针对性地解决。