克莱因的儿童心理结构观述评

英国著名儿童精神分析学家克莱因 ,从对象和对象关系入手 ,系统地阐述了生命第一年内儿童心理的发展及其结构特征。她提出的偏执—分裂样心态和抑郁性心态 ,是生命早期的自我状态、对象关系、焦虑及其防御的综合 ,它们既是一种正常的发展序列 ,又是某些病理现象的早期根源。两种心态观是克莱因对弗洛伊德的心理性欲发展阶段观的修正 ,是对儿童分析和儿童心理学的重要贡献。     

克莱因与客体关系学派的创立与发展

精神分析学家大多关注婴儿与其抚养者之间的关系,并力图通过对这种早期客体关系的探讨,分析婴儿心理病理现象的根本原因.精神分析学家们对客体关系理论的关注正在成为一个新的研究热点,并且在世界很多国家和地区产生着重要的学术影响.除了对于精神分析的革命性意义,以及对于精神病学和心理咨询、心理治疗领域的巨大的冲击之外,克莱因及其客体关系理论还在儿童心理学、社会学、人类学和文艺批评等诸多学科中产生了不同程度的反响.     

A study in contrasts

In this personal view of a 'second generation' psychoanalyst in Vienna, private life events are counterposed to political and social developments in Austria over the last twenty-five years, leading up to the phenomenon of Jörg Haider and the recent formation of the new Austrian government including his Freedom Party (FPÖ). In particular, de Mendelssohn discusses the resurgence of openly antisemitic utterances and racist electoral platforms, both against the larger background of historical precedents and against the smaller one of a psychoanalytic study group set up to enquire into the unconscious motives and fantasies involved in this resurgence. Although the emergence of public prejudice is an alarming sign, de Mendelssohn points to mitigating factors. On the one hand there is the possibility of seeing Austria as a 'test case' for similar, often more actively violent eruptions in other European countries, one in which coping strategies may be developed while there is still time. Here he sees the EU sanctions against Austria as fully justified. On the other hand there is an active and younger generation and a solid history of civil protest that may help strengthen Austria's rather weak democratic traditions. As an analogue to Freud's individual psychoanalysis, in which the 'return of the repressed' is seen as a painful experience but necessary for insight and growth, the resurgence of quasi-racist politics in Austria may be seen as a necessary result of long years of being more or less taboo, with the hope that there can be a 'working through' of inter-generational dislocation and social amnesia.     

Crime,Justice, and the Under‐Laborer: On the Criminology of the Shadow and the Search for Disciplinary Identity and Legitimacy

This article proposes an alternative vision for what criminal justice can represent such that its interests in becoming a full‐fledged academic discipline are advanced. Linked to philosophical inquiry (the under‐laborer), emphasis is placed on explicating how insights derived from ontology, epistemology, aesthetics, and ethics underscore the field. Coupled with this more probing excursion is psychoanalytic reflexivity (the criminology of the shadow). The manner in which the philosophical lens informs criminal justice is delineated, and the logic of this shadow criminology is described. As dimensions of an inclusive organizing scheme, their potential for fostering integration in crime and justice studies consistent with the goals of disciplinary identity and legitimacy is explored. The implications of the proposed model—especially for charting a new direction in theory, research, policy, and pedagogy—are also highlighted.     

精神分析在经济人类学中的展布

以“无意识”为最基本假设和理论核心而展开的精神分析 ,体现出致力于人的状况改善的基本精神 ,把“认识你自己”这一知识的本质问题 ,从“人是万物的尺度”深化到“什么是人的尺度”问题上。为人的自我理解和对世界的理解寻求一种更加全面的视野 ;为从心理分析走向更为广泛的文化分析开辟了道路 ,让人类重返精神的家园。这一学说的批判性意义 ,为经济人类学透过经济的物质性功能而去追寻其本原的意义 ,提供了有力的理论支持。同时 ,从精神分析角度提出货币的象征性涵义假说、对货币存在的一系列悖论关系的联结 ,把货币分析引向一条历史理解的道路 ,提示人们去关注货币存在中的权力因素 ,为我们理解货币象征存在形式的物质化过程 ,提供了一条重要的线索     

青少年网络成瘾的心理分析及防治

青少年网络成瘾已成为一个严重的社会问题.网络成瘾的原因主要有网络本身的特点、学校教育的缺失、家庭教育的不当、青少年自身的人格缺陷等,应采取优化网络环境、改革学校教育、提高家长素质、增强青少年自我心理调适能力、建立专业咨询机构等防治措施.     

Cuban Anti‐slavery Narrative through Postcolonial Eyes: Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab

Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab (1841) has come to be regarded as an iconic work in the canon of nineteenth‐century Cuban fiction, celebrated as much for its literary pedigree as for its radical combination of anti‐slavery and feminist ideas. Yet it has been the subject of very divergent critical appraisals. This essay sets out to breathe new life into Avellaneda’s novel by interpreting it through a postcolonial optic. Drawing on ideas from the scholarship of Edward Said and Frantz Fanon, as well as the ideas of literary theorist Mikhail Bakhtin, these pages explore the implications of its nationalist, racial, sexual and feminist politics for Sab’s anti‐slavery meaning. This postcolonial reading provides a possible solution for the conflicts between its various interpretations.     

Multiculturalism,Institutional Law,and Imaginary Justice

Following Le Pen's relative successin the French presidential vote and the BritishNational Party's historic return in our own2002 local elections, the article considers theprospects for the production of morecommunicative race relations in contemporaryBritain. To this end we reassess the media'streatment of the Stephen Lawrence case andexplore the political logic of the Macphersonreport, the policy document which followed theapparent miscarriage of justice that allowedLawrence's alleged killers to walk free. Interms of our analysis of the media we areconcerned to show how the real of Britain'sordinary racism was hidden behind an ideologyof multiculturalism that scapegoated singularindividuals to cover for the structuralinequalities of wider society. The article aimsto show how the media upheld the notion ofobjective justice that institutional law wasapparently unable to secure.But while the media supported the ideology ofthe law, its exposure of the failings ofinstitutional law also led to calls for legalreform to guarantee the realisation ofinstitutional justice. Although we accept thatthe attempt to achieve legal totality isimpossible, our argument is that the critiqueof legal objectivity, which takes in subjectiverights claims, may present the possibility forthe realisation of a novel, inclusive, model ofrace relations. That is to say that althoughthe media supports the ideology of the law, thefact that this support requires a critique ofpractical law forces the law to modernisearound the idealistic demands of its ownideological structure. Akin toDouzinas,¹ who has argued for theendless expansion of rights as post-modernutopianism, we believe that this process ofmodernisation, which is arranged to maintainthe status quo through minimal reform, is thecondition of possibility of a more inclusivesystem of race relations.     

银行抢劫犯罪心理分析

针对当前我国银行抢劫犯罪现象,提出了银行抢劫犯罪行为与犯罪目标,犯罪手段,犯罪现场心理痕迹的一致性的观点。提出了从犯罪现场的物质痕迹分析犯罪人的心理动机,描绘、刻画犯罪人的年龄、职业、学历以及家庭和社会背景等信息,为侦破银行抢劫犯罪提供了思路。     

Aesthetic Negativity and Aisthetic Traits

Abstract

This article concerns the notion of aesthetic negativity, and related ideas regarding the autonomy of art. After giving some initial definitions and a brief historical sketch of these concepts, we will examine the definition proposed by arguably the greatest thinker of aesthetic negativity, Theodor Adorno, and its recent semiotic reconstruction in the work of Christoph Menke. This reconstruction configures aesthetic negativity and autonomy jointly as the capacity of artworks, and the experiences that they occasion; to processurally negate “automatic” modes of understanding. This account is then critiqued, and contrasted with views on aesthetic experience that stress its nonconceptual and asemiotic aspects, and the close affinity of this modality of experience with perceptual presence and affective intensity, with a clear reference to the phenomenological tradition. Some recent ideas about how semiotic and phenomenological theories regarding art can interact are then cited, and an undertheorized aspect of their connection introduced, which is the main original import of the article. This connection, which is furnished by the concept of aisthetic trait, is derived from psychoanalytic metapsychology, and is an example of how the meaning and presence effects of art can act not just in a competing synchronic fashion, but can morph into each other over time. A trait is a signifier-like perceptual remnant of a prior subjective experience of high intensity that provides a kind of ratification of the experience that endures within the life history of an individual. This is then shown to have relevance to the previous topics of aesthetic negativity and autonomy in terms of the way that the trait mechanism may bring to light important diachronic aspects of aesthetic experience that are currently absent in other accounts in the literature.