关注职工心理健康 促进社会和谐发展

当前职工的心理健康状况令人堪忧,极大的影响了构建和谐社会目标的实现。工会组织应从心理学角度深入探讨如何去推动全社会都来关心职工心理健康问题,促进社会和谐健康发展。     

对监狱在押精神病罪犯问题的思考

近年来,监狱在押精神病罪犯明显增多,对他们的治疗和管理成为制约监狱工作的一个瓶颈。因此,必须从思想认识,财政、人员保障,法规建设,加强心理矫治力度,提高管理水平等方面进行综合治理,以确保精神病罪犯的改造工作顺利进行。     

浅谈演唱时心理紧张的原因及调适

艺术家在登台演出时总会有或多或少的紧张心理,紧张心理成了演唱成功的绊脚石。其原因不仅来自场地的变化、欣赏群体的变化、旁人的"善意忠告",也来自准备不充分、技能不娴熟、没有自信、对自己的期望过高等。于是,如何进行心理调适就成了演唱成功与否的关键。     

Unusual suicide with a chainsaw

Described here is a case of suicide with the use of a chainsaw. A female suffering from schizophrenia committed suicide by an ingenious use of a chainsaw that resulted in the transection of her cervical spine and spinal cord. The findings of the resulting investigation are described and the mechanism of suicides with the use of a chainsaw is reviewed. A dry bone study was realized to determine the bone sections, the correlation between anatomic lesions and characteristics of chainsaw. The damage of organs and soft tissues is compared according to the kinds of chainsaw used.     

Forensic evaluation of sudden death due to tuberculosis

Abstract:  The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a major threat to TB control efforts. We report a case of a 50-year-old man with pulmonary TB. The scene investigation had initially suspected for homicide; however, the result of medico-legal autopsy demonstrated natural cause of death. Statistical data suggest that the rates of national mortality by respiratory TB decreased in the last decades in Hungary; however, an increasing TB mortality was detected in the capital Budapest. Facing a new mortality trend in TB, the forensic scene investigation and determination of manner of death represent new challenges for practitioners.     

Child abuse: practical application of autopsy, radiological, and microscopic studies

A 17-month-old male infant died at home. The infant's right arm was immobilized because of a humeral fracture 1 month earlier. The circumstances of death appeared unclear to the police investigators and a medicolegal autopsy was carried out. External examination revealed diffuse ecchymoses of varying color. Postmortem imaging was performed prior to autopsy (X-rays, multislice computed tomography [MSCT], and focused brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). These investigations revealed four rib fractures of varying ages, one of which was posterior. Cerebral and pericerebral traumatic lesions were also diagnosed: bilateral subdural hematomas, intraventricular, meningeal, and interpedoncular hemorrhages. In the abdomen, fresh blood was visible within the anterior abdominal wall and the mesenteric root. Autopsy and microscopic study confirmed these lesions. This case report illustrates the valuable assistance rendered by MSCT and MRI to diagnose abuse when a child has died in unclear circumstances.     

Comamonas testosteroni meningitis in a homeless man

We report a case of meningitis caused by Comamonas testosteroni in a 54-year-old, alcoholic, homeless man. He, as a pedestrian, was struck by a car and suffered multiple fractures of the facial bones including the left frontal sinus. Over the course of 2-week hospitalization, he was clinically diagnosed with multiple cerebral and cerebellar infarcts resulting in altered mental status. He was pronounced dead 15 days after the injury. At the time of autopsy, diffuse purulent meningitis was found on gross examination. A swab culture of the brain surface was positive for C. Testosteroni, a saprophytic organism commonly found in soil and water. This is the first reported case of fatal meningitis caused by this micro-organism.     

论犯罪心理痕迹的利用

犯罪心理痕迹是指犯罪行为作用于犯罪现场空间而引起的一切能揭示犯罪心理的现象和状态。利用犯罪心理痕迹揭示犯罪心理符合心理学原理。犯罪心理痕迹概念的引入 ,丰富了侦查科学的内涵 ,使现场勘查所涉及的客体更加丰满 ,也为侦查人员揭露、证实犯罪增添了重要依据。利用犯罪心理痕迹可以扩大犯罪信息来源 ,有利于识别犯罪伪装 ,可以促进物质痕迹和意识痕迹的收集 ,提升物质痕迹与意识痕迹的利用价值 ,犯罪心理痕迹还是分析研究犯罪分子心理活动、现场情境和案情的重要依据。犯罪心理痕迹的收集 ,通常是在收集整理犯罪各种痕迹的基础上 ,对各种痕迹、各种现象状态以及其相互关系的观察、分析、记录而实现。犯罪心理痕迹的利用 ,是逆向地从犯罪人行为活动所遗留的心理痕迹入手分析案情、刻画罪犯、追溯犯罪人的过程。     

对一个15条人命案犯的犯罪心理剖析

罪犯刘某在不到一年的时间里连杀15人,并掠财奸尸,穷凶极恶、令人发指。本文从犯 罪学、犯罪心理学的角度,对罪犯的人格障碍、性心理障碍以及智力水平缺陷进行了深刻剖析。提出 了优化家庭教育方式,强化心理素质教育,遏制社会不良刺激等一系列对策建议。     

Evaluation and applicability of Alere iCup DX 14 for rapid postmortem urine drug screening at autopsy

Performing point‐of‐care urine drug screen testing at autopsy by a forensic pathologist may provide an early indication of the presence of analytes of interest during autopsy. An evaluation for the screening of 14 classes of common drugs of abuse in postmortem urine by the point‐of‐care screening device, Alere iCup DX 14, is presented. One hundred ninety postmortem urine samples were screened with the iCup occurring at autopsy by the forensic pathologist. Positive and negative results obtained from the screening kit were evaluated against confirmatory test results obtained using routine forensic toxicology analyses that employed LC‐MS/MS and GC‐MS to detect a combination of over 85 common drugs of abuse and medications. Sensitivity for each respective iCup drug class ranged from 66% (buprenorphine) to 100% (methadone, tricyclic antidepressants). Specificity for each respective iCup drug class ranged from 89% (benzodiazepines) to 100% (amphetamines, barbiturates, buprenorphine, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methadone). Positive predictive values ranged from 44% (benzodiazepines) to 100% (amphetamines, barbiturates, buprenorphine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methadone), while negative predictive values ranged from 96% (methamphetamine) to 100% (barbiturates, methadone, tricyclic antidepressants). A high false‐positive rate was yielded by the benzodiazepine class. The lack of fentanyl screening in the point‐of‐care device is a significant limitation considering its prolific prevalence in forensic casework. The results obtained in the study should be acknowledged when considering the use of the Alere iCup DX 14 in the context of postmortem casework to help indicate potential drug use contemporaneously with autopsy and when requiring such preliminary results prior to the release of a final forensic toxicology report.