腐败犯罪人员的心理风格分析及预防对策

心理风格理论是分析国家公职人员走上腐败犯罪道路心理根源的理论之一。分析发现,腐败犯罪人员的心理风格不健全,其心理动力风格歪曲,且动力性过强,心理制动风格缺乏,没有形成正确的观念,心理表现风格突出表现在性格上的两面性。因此,预防腐败犯罪,心理制动风格是关键,应加强信念教育,提升"制动"力量;重视心理分析,释放"制动"力量;坚持优化环境,规范职务行为,使国家公职人员形成健全的心理风格,达到预防腐败犯罪的目的。     

2009 H1N1 Fatalities: The New Mexico Experience

Abstract: Histopathologic features of New Mexico 2009 H1N1 fatalities have not been representative of those reported nationwide. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all New Mexico 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1) fatalities (n = 50). In cases in which autopsy was performed (n = 12), histologic sections and culture results were examined. In contrast to previously published studies, the majority of our fatalities did not have diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) (2/12; 16.7%). Common findings included pulmonary interstitial inflammation and edema, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia. Two cases had significant extra‐pulmonary manifestations: myocarditis and cerebral edema with herniation. The majority had a rapid disease course: range from 1 to 12 days (median, 2 days), and Native Americans were disproportionately represented among fatalities. These findings suggest that New Mexico H1N1 fatalities generally did not survive long enough to develop the classic picture of DAD. Pathologists should be aware that H1N1 may cause extra‐pulmonary pathology and perform postmortem cultures and histologic sampling accordingly.     

A Minimally Invasive Technique for the Detection and Analysis of Pulmonary Fat Embolism: A Feasibility Study*

We investigated the feasibility of postmortem percutaneous needle biopsy (PNB) for obtaining pulmonary samples adequate for the study of pulmonary fat embolism (PFE). Samples of both lungs were obtained from 26 cadavers via two different methods: (i) PNB and (ii) the double-edged knife technique, the gold standard at our institute. After water storage and Sudan III staining, six forensic pathologists independently examined all samples for the presence and severity of PFE. The results were compared and analyzed in each case regarding the vitality of the PFE and its relationship to the cause of death. The results showed that PFE was almost identically diagnosed and graded on the samples obtained via both methods. The discrepancies between the two techniques did not affect the diagnoses of vitality or cause of death related to PFE. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the PNB sampling method for the diagnosis and interpretation of PFE in the postmortem setting.     

The forensic deaths caused by pesticide poisoning between the years 2006 and 2009 in Izmir, Turkey

Pesticide poisoning is still a significant health problem in Turkey. We conducted a retrospective study of autopsy cases at Izmir Branch of the Council of Forensic Medicine to describe the characteristics of deaths caused by pesticide poisoning between 2006 and 2009. The distributions of the cases according to gender and age were as follows: men 74.1% (n = 40, mean [±SD] age, 44.7 ± 14.1), women 25.9% (n = 14, mean [±SD] age, 39.2 ± 18.9). The majority of pesticide-poisoning deaths were suicides (n = 43, 80%) followed by accidents (n = 4, 8%) and homicide (n = 1, 2%). The manner of death could not be determined in six cases (11%). Suicides mostly occurred at home (n = 26, 63%) (p < 0.05). Methomyl was the most frequent pesticide (n = 9, 17%) among the all cases. This study reported that most of the pesticides found in poisoning cases were highly hazardous types. Combined efforts of medical professionals and law makers are needed for enacting strict laws against highly hazardous pesticides.     

WHEN THE COST IS TOO GREAT: THE EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT ON CHILDREN OF INCARCERATING THEIR PARENTS FOR DRUG OFFENCES1

The advent of the modern “war on drugs” and its accompanying “lock 'em up and throw away the key” crime policies largely explain the evolution of mass incarceration in the U.S. and account for much of the emotional and psychological pain caused to children who have lost their parents to long prison sentences. It is by reducing reliance on incarceration to tackle the “drug problem” in the United States that there will be a positive impact on reducing the number of parents being separated from their children for inordinate amounts of time, thereby potentially reducing the negative emotional and psychological impact on children. Aiding parents combat their addiction outside of prison walls is perhaps to most sensible criminal justice policy in addressing the needs of children who are caught in the cross‐fire of the war on drugs. In the meantime, as policy makers review, assess, and, eventually, reform draconian drug laws and sentencing policies, it is imperative that front‐line service providers who work with children and family and juvenile court judges be mindful of the emotional and psychological impact that parental incarceration has on youth. A more in‐depth understanding of the complexities of these young people's life experiences will hopefully enable the development of appropriate support services.     

论监狱心理咨询师队伍专业化建设的对策

在贯彻科学发展观,落实＂首要标准＂的语境下,监狱的心理矫治工作作为实现矫正罪犯的新的方法手段,以符合教育方法创新、能体现科学发展观、以人为本的核心理念和建设和谐社会的内涵,迎来了强化和发展的春天。当前监狱心理咨询师队伍已成规模,心理矫治工作效果备受关注,进一步强化心理咨询师队伍建设,以期心理矫治手段能更充分地发挥好技防人防一体化的功能。     

大学新生心理适应性的调查

文章通过对687名在读大学新生进行心理适应性问卷的调查研究发现,大学新生适应困扰主要表现在学习、职业目标和资源利用等方面,从性别上看女生在人际适应方面遇到的困扰明显多于男生;从学校性质看,公办高校学生在职业目标、人际关系、独立生活方面遇到的困扰明显多于民办高校学生。     

论对服刑人员的挫折教育

服刑人员在关押过程中极易产生有别于普通人群的挫折心理，不仅危害其身心健康，更容易导致监狱化人格，加剧了其再社会化的难度、削弱了教育矫正的效果。监狱及社会应关注服刑人员的心理健康问题，在保证刑罚惩罚性的前提下，改善对服刑人员的处遇方式，积极探索心理健康教育模式和心理矫治模式，转交教育观念，提高服刑人员的抗挫折能力，培养服刑人员的健全人格。     

公务员心理健康问题及其应对策略

近年来,公务员自杀案例频见媒体报端,已引起了社会的普遍关注,究其原因多指向公务员心理健康问题.公务员自杀案例虽然极端,但也反映了这一群体心理危机存在的程度,应引起相关部门的高度重视.本文在分析公务员心理健康现状及存在心理问题原因的基础上,从自我心理素质的提升和政府综合干预管理两个方面提出了相应的对策.     

“测谎”结论能否作为鉴定证据——关于中国心理测试技术研究应用及其现状的思考

"测谎",是日常概念,绝非科学术语。其科学称谓是犯罪心理测试技术,可简称心理测试技术或心测技术。测试结果能否作为证据,说法很多。中国心理测试技术研究与应用的现状,不容乐观;研讨其证据价值,必须首先对此状况及问题有深入了解。鉴于目前的混乱状况,将心理测试技术作为我国诉讼证据的条件尚不成熟。