大学生心理疏导的原则与方法

大学生心理疏导是在遵循大学生心理成长与发展规律的基础上,针对大学生心理和思想上的各种问题进行疏通和引导。以适应新形势下大学生自主与自立意识增强、心理矛盾与情绪不稳定、压力大与心理承受能力弱等心理特点的要求。大学生心理疏导要取得好的效果,必须按照主体性、个体差异性、整体性发展、保密等原则,采取渗透、互动、咨询、体验等科学方法进行疏通、引导,切实排解大学生的内心困惑,从而促进他们健康快乐成长。     

Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised Scores in Adult Children Exposed to Alienating Behaviors: An Italian Sample

This study addresses a particular form of child psychological maltreatment, exposing a child to alienating behaviors in the context of a high degree of conflict between the parents. The objective of this research was to identify retrospectively the alienating behaviors that occurred in an Italian sample of children and the reported associated psychosocial symptoms. Seven hundred and thirty‐nine adults in Chieti, Italy, completed an anonymous and confidential survey regarding their childhood exposure to parental alienating behaviors and measures of current symptomatology. About 75% of the sample reported some exposure to parental alienating behaviors; 15% of the sample endorsed the item, “tried to turn me against the other parent.” The results revealed strong and statistically significant associations between reported exposure to parental alienating behaviors and reports of current symptomatology.     

Sudden Cardiac Death in a Young Man with Migraine-associated Arrhythmia

A 31-year-old man with migraine-induced syncope and bradycardia with subsequent pacemaker implantation died unexpectedly. Clinically unsuspected cardiac anomalies were found at autopsy including myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending artery and shelf-like coronary artery ostia. Nortriptyline was identified by toxicologic analysis. A review of the autopsy findings, the historical information, and the effects of the possible arrhythmogenic circumstances is undertaken and the potential contributions to the death are discussed. Cardiac arrhythmias have been documented during migraines. Coronary artery bridging has been known to lead to ischemia and infarction, ventricular tachycardia, and sudden death; however, these are very rare sequelae. Congenital coronary artery anomalies have been linked to sudden cardiac death, but only rarely cause death in people younger than 31 years. Migraines and the autopsy findings described have been associated with cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. Altogether, they led to the unexpected death of this young man.     

Fatal Intoxication with α‐PVP,a Synthetic Cathinone Derivative

This study presents the fatal case of a young man who was admitted to the ICAU due to sudden cardiac arrest. An interview revealed that the patient had taken some unspecified crystals. From the moment of admission, his condition deteriorated dramatically as a result of increasing circulatory insufficiency. After a few hours, sudden cardiac arrest occurred again and the patient was pronounced dead. In the course of a medicolegal autopsy, samples of biological material were preserved for toxicology tests and histopathological examination. The analysis of samples using the LC‐MS/MS technique revealed the presence of α‐PVP in the following concentrations: blood—174 ng/mL, urine—401 ng/mL, brain—292 ng/g, liver—190 ng/g, kidney—122 ng/g, gastric contents—606 ng/g. The study also presents findings from the parallel histopathological examination. Based on these findings, cardiac arrest secondary to intoxication with alpha‐PVP was determined as the direct cause of the patient's death.     

Death from Hypothermia during a Training Course under “Extreme Conditions”: Related to Two Cases

Death from hypothermia following exhaustion or from various complicated pathologies is no longer a frequent cause of death among combat troops. During a training course under “extreme conditions” in the French Alps, two young African officers died. Confronted with these two clinically confirmed cases of hypothermia, the unknown anatomopathological and biological specificities associated with death from hypothermia were highlighted. In these typical and clinically confirmed cases of death from subacute exhaustion hypothermia, none of the signs revealed by the autopsy were specific. Although some recent publications have addressed the utility of postmortem biochemical markers when establishing a diagnosis, with no anamnesis, with no knowledge or analysis of the circumstances of death, and without an in situ examination of the body, it appears difficult, if not impossible, to confirm that death was caused by hypothermia.     

论对服刑人员的挫折教育

服刑人员在关押过程中极易产生有别于普通人群的挫折心理，不仅危害其身心健康，更容易导致监狱化人格，加剧了其再社会化的难度、削弱了教育矫正的效果。监狱及社会应关注服刑人员的心理健康问题，在保证刑罚惩罚性的前提下，改善对服刑人员的处遇方式，积极探索心理健康教育模式和心理矫治模式，转交教育观念，提高服刑人员的抗挫折能力，培养服刑人员的健全人格。     

“测谎”结论能否作为鉴定证据——关于中国心理测试技术研究应用及其现状的思考

"测谎",是日常概念,绝非科学术语。其科学称谓是犯罪心理测试技术,可简称心理测试技术或心测技术。测试结果能否作为证据,说法很多。中国心理测试技术研究与应用的现状,不容乐观;研讨其证据价值,必须首先对此状况及问题有深入了解。鉴于目前的混乱状况,将心理测试技术作为我国诉讼证据的条件尚不成熟。     

《罪与罚》中的犯罪学思想

《罪与罚》是俄国作家费奥多尔·米哈伊洛维奇·陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品。作品中，作家讲述了大学生拉斯科尔尼科夫面对生存和精神的双重困境。选择了铤而走险去杀人及其杀人之后和面对刑罚的心理过程的故事。从一个层面看，《罪与罚》是一部不朽的文学名著。从犯罪学的角度看，《罪与罚》中的犯罪学思想至今对我们仍有启示意义。犯罪学家加罗法洛曾将犯罪的概念划分为自然犯罪和法定犯罪两种，但是实际上这两种犯罪的界限并非泾渭分明。至于犯罪原因，拉斯科尔尼科夫的犯罪原因可以从犯罪的社会因素和心理因素来考察。犯罪预防的困难之一是如何预防再犯或累犯。     

警察应用射击心理现象成因分析

警察应用射击训练是以模拟实战为基础的应用性训练,对参训者有较高的心理素质要求。在实战训练中,由于各种主客观因素的影响和干扰,参训者往往在情绪、感觉、知觉、能力等心理要素方面表现差强人意,直接影响了训练效果。解决这些问题,要从心理学的角度分析其产生的原因,提出具有实际操作意义的调控方法。     

新生代农民工心理问题探析

2010年中央一号文件提出要“着力解决新生代农民工问题”，这说明新生代农民工这个庞大的群体已经引起中央的重视。针对新生代农民工存在的自卑、孤僻、逆反等不良心理，我们必须通过打破体制性障碍，探索有效的教育途径，发挥家庭、学校和社会的合力作用等对策解决新生代农民工的心理问题。