女性罪犯接受刑罚后的心理反应及心理咨询

刑罚是社会强加给罪犯的惩罚和约束,女性罪犯因其自身的犯罪特点和心理特点,对此会产生各种消极的心理反应.通过针对性地开展心理咨询工作,提高她们的认识水平和自我评价能力,帮助她们完善自我意识,塑造健康人格,再结合劳改或思想教育,是从根本上转变她们的错误认知和帮助她们作为健康公民和合法公民回归社会的比较有效的方法.     

犯罪心理测试程序规范化研究--刑事诉讼的角度

犯罪心理测试作为科技发展的一项成果,在许多国家刑事诉讼中已经得到运用,也显示了其作用.我国自引进这项技术以来在司法实践中产生了一定的效果,但在理论上仍存在着较大争议.我国目前并无对犯罪心理测试的明确法律规范,也就使得其实施虽然是在刑事诉讼过程中进行的,但同时又缺乏相应的程序规范.这是与程序法治所格格不入的,必须从诉讼法的角度对其应用程序进行规范.     

关于大学生心理健康的思考

大学生心理健康已成为广大心理学专家和高校教育工作者探讨的重要课题。社会因素、文化因素、校园氛围因素及个体有关因素是影响大学生心理健康的主要因素。高校要加强对大学生心理健康的指导,引导大学生正确对待心理健康问题。     

Banking supervision and the politics of verification: the 2014 stress test in the European Banking Union

The statistical methodology known in financial terminology as ‘stress testing’ was used by the European Central Bank in 2014 in order to assess the solidity of the banks in the eurozone. This audit process is analysed here as a problem of truth production or ‘veridiction’ in the sense developed by Michel Foucault in his 1978–1979 lectures at the Collège de France. In order to prove effective, the stress test had to deliver knowledge on banks, objectified and actionable at once, but also controlled by the idea of avoiding ‘market panic’. This epistemological dilemma is at the core of the politics of verification, which consists in the distribution of restraint and responsibility between non-risky and risky banks. This qualitative investigation is focused on France and is based on interviews with relevant policy actors and documentary analysis.     

Psychologists as ‘the quiet ones with the power’: understanding indeterminate sentenced prisoners’ experiences of psychological risk assessment in the United Kingdom

ABSTRACT

Prisoners serving indeterminate sentences in the United Kingdom do not know when or if they will be released from prison. Release and progression decisions are determined by the risk the ISP presents of reoffending. This makes the assessment of risk a high stakes business for ISPs. Whilst there is a large body of literature focused on prisoners’ general experiences of prison, there is an absence of specific empirical exploration of prisoners’ experiences of risk assessment. This paper aims to address this gap by reporting the results of a qualitative exploration of ISPs’ experiences of psychological risk assessment. Interviews with 10 ISPs were conducted and analysed using Grounded Theory methods. Analysis indicated that prisoners experienced the prison environment as characterised by violence, volatility and suffering. Psychological risk assessment is embedded within this emotionally and physically challenging context but also contributes to the experience of suffering. Within this context, prisoners felt stuck, powerless and out of control in relation to risk assessment, and experienced psychologists as untrustworthy yet powerful. Understanding prisoners’ experiences is the first step in resolving some of the long-reported difficulties in working relationships between psychologists and prisoners as well as making the process more procedurally just.     

超相人格分析——大学生心理障碍深层心理根源

长期的心理咨询与治疗过程中,我们发现大学生心理障碍的产生总有各种原因,有现实环境的原因,也有个体本身的原因,对个体来说,其深层心理原因是导致心理障碍的核心根源。而深层心理原因中,大学生的"超相"人格则是重要的原因。这里的"超相"概念为作者首次提出,是根据大学生所反映出来的普遍深层心理问题结合国内外深层心理学思想总结出来的。     

Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious traumatization in child welfare professionals in Serbia

Child welfare professionals in diverse positions are exposed to a variety of traumatic events including family violence and child abuse and neglect. This secondary exposure puts child welfare workers at the risk of experiencing Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) and Vicarious Traumatization (VT). For the first time in Serbia, this study quantitatively investigates whether STS and VT are present in child welfare professionals employed in the social welfare centers, foster care and adoption agencies, residential care programs, and shelters for children and youth. It attempts to identify whether the type of service, time exposure to clients, and supervision function as risk or protective factors for negative outcomes. A convenience sample comprised of 135 child welfare professionals completed a series of self-reported measures. Findings indicate that VT and STS are present in this population. Differences in the presence of STS and VT were found according to the types of services offered and length of exposure. Contrary to expectations, supervision was not a protective factor with regards to STS and VT in this population.     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.     

浅谈微博对大学生心理健康的影响及对策

自2010年以来,微博对中国社会的影响逐渐扩大,现如今它已然成为人们交流互动与发布消息的重要网络平台。大学生作为一个易于接受新鲜事物的群体,早已对于微博的使用了如指掌,与此同时微博也在影响着大学生的各个方面,从大学生心理健康教育的角度入手,阐明微博对大学生心理健康的种种影响并说明其对策。为今后的大学生心理健康教育提供有力支持。     

马齿苋对热应激小鼠空肠HSP70及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

旨在探究马齿苋水提物(aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L.)对热应激小鼠空肠HSP70含量及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。选取40只昆明种小鼠,随机分为4组:空白组(C)、热应激组(HS)、马齿苋水提物组(AEP)、维生素C组(Vc),每组10只。热应激组于40℃±1℃环境下每天处理0.5 h,其余时间置于30℃±1℃条件下,C组放置于25℃±1℃,连续6 d后,将小鼠置于25℃±1℃之环境给药治疗7 d。在给药治疗开始后第3天和第7天眶窦采血,处死后采集小鼠空肠、肝脏,测定各组小鼠血清HSP70含量、肝脏SOD、MDA及GSH-Px含量及空肠黏膜HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化。结果显示,与C组比较,热应激可显著提高小鼠空肠黏膜HSP70 mRNA表达量(P<0.01),提高肝脏SOD、MDA和GSH-Px的活性水平(P<0.01)。与HS组比较,给予马齿苋水提物后,可有效降低热应激小鼠血清HSP70含量和空肠黏膜HSP70 mRNA表达量(P<0.01)及肝脏MDA的活性水平(P<0.05),但对SOD和GSH-Px的含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:马齿苋水提物能够通过降低热应激小鼠的氧化应激反应,减少热应激小鼠体内HSP70的表达量,达到良好的抗热应激效果。