网络环境下远程医疗若干法律问题初探

目前，世界上还没有国家通过立法认定远程医疗。远程医疗对人类医疗卫生事业的发展有着重大而深远的意义。自主性、契约性、地域性决定了远程医疗不同的法律特征及其调整机制。网络环境下的远程医疗涉及到计算机、法律、伦理等诸多领域的问题。本文选择了远程医疗设备评估、许可证及隐私权的保护等几个法律问题进行探讨。     

A Comparative Test of Clinical Judgment Versus Actuarial Prediction of Future Violence

This study tested how graduate level psychology graduate students (n = 20) using the Adapted Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (Adapted VRAG) would do relative to practicing psychologists/psychiatrists (n = 16) using clinical judgment when predicting violence in 10 narratives from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment study (Monahan et al., The MacArthur violence risk assessment study. . Retrieved 10 Oct 2005). Results indicated that the practicing psychologists/psychiatrists made significantly more correct predictions than the master’s level students. The professional group demonstrated sensitivity levels of 77.7% and specificity of 96.3%. For the use of the adapted VRAG method by the graduate student group, specificity levels were modest at 54.0%. Sensitivity levels, however, were lower than earlier demonstrated levels at 58.0%. These findings are at variance with earlier reports comparing clinical and actuarial methods. The results may reflect the short amount of time the master’s level students were trained using the Adapted VRAG as well as the small number of participants in this study. Additional research comparing other professions is recommended, as well as examining if experience in the forensics field would affect one’s ability to predict violence.     

逻辑可修正理论与法律论证评价标准的关系探究

苏珊·哈克的逻辑可修正理论有助于法律论证评价标准的研究。康德、弗雷格的绝对主义逻辑观到蒯因、普特南相对主义逻辑观的发展，这是苏珊·哈克逻辑可修正理论及其逻辑哲学思想的理论来源。本文研究了哈克的逻辑可修正理论，主要探讨的是哈克对经典逻辑可择代性的论述和变异逻辑理论，分析了由此而引起的逻辑有效性概念的扩展，为法律论证的评价标准研究奠定了理论基础。     

交通事故致胸、腰椎损伤致残等级评定447例分析

目的探讨车祸致胸、腰椎损伤程度与伤残程度的关系,总结伤残评定经验,探寻其规律性。方法选择胸、腰椎损伤的鉴定447例,重新审查诊断,分析治疗措施,评价胸腰部活动度丧失程度及神经功能障碍情况,分析损伤程度与后遗障碍之间的关系,综合评定伤残。结果胸、腰椎损伤类型及数量并不决定其胸、腰部活动障碍程度及神经损伤后遗症严重程度;椎体损伤的部位与胸腰部活动度障碍关系密切;神经损伤主要集中在T1至L2段脊柱损伤;椎体损伤医院误诊率较高。结论伤残评定应分析损伤与后遗症严重程度的因果关系,以损伤所致后遗症为评残依据,重点关注脊柱功能的丧失程度。     

参与度在与精神损害有关的司法鉴定中的应用

纠纷事件与其伴发的精神障碍之间的因果关系是民事纠纷司法精神鉴定中的难点,鉴定结论往往存在争议,对同一结论的描述也有所不同。本文介绍了参与度的概念,试从事件参与度的角度论述精神损害案中纠纷事件与伴发的精神障碍之间的因果关系。     

Gender and Risk Assessment Accuracy: Underestimating Women’s Violence Potential

Understanding factors that contribute to mental health professionals (MHPs) accuracy in assessing patients risk of violence can inform efforts to improve accuracy and to integrate risk assessment technology with practice. Based on a sample of 147 clinicians who assessed 680 patients in a psychiatric emergency room, this study investigates the influence of patient gender, MHP gender, and their potential interaction on MHPS risk assessment accuracy. The results indicate that MHPs of both genders are particularly limited in their ability to assess female patients risk of future violence. This finding was not limited to a particular professional group and was not attributable to gender-related differences in violence. Implications for future research on the judgment processes that may underlie MHPs limited accuracy with women and for training programs in violence risk assessment are discussed.     

The trade‐offs in developing public affairs metrics

This paper examines the place of metrics in the assessment of a corporation's public affairs practice. It describes how public affairs metrics are situated in the larger context of organisational performance assessment, examines the range of metrics available to the CPA practitioner, and identifies the critical trade‐offs associated with why public affairs metrics utilisation has not achieved the level of application that some experts have encouraged. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications     

罪犯改造质量评估模式研究

罪犯改造质量是指罪犯经过一定时间的改造达到的守法公民的程度。从矫正技术的角度认识罪犯改造质量评估,对改革监狱工作具有重要的意义。在现代社会条件下,监狱不仅是专政的机关,更重要的是刑罚执行机关。对罪犯的改造状况进行科学的评估,必须走出监狱机关“泛政治化”的窠臼,必须摆脱传统的评价罪犯改造质量的经验型、主观性和理想化的模式。从矫正技术的视角来研究罪犯改造质量评估,关键是把评估数量化,最大限度地减少人们主观的干扰。目前的问题是要改革监狱工作的体制、机制,提高监狱人民警察的职业化程度。     

Assessing Cognitive Bias in Forensic Decisions: A Review and Outlook

In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated that forensic examiners can be biased by task-irrelevant contextual information. However, concerns relating to methodological flaws and ecological validity attenuate how much the current body of knowledge can be applied to real-life operational settings. The current review takes a narrative approach to synthesizing the literature across forensic science. Further, the review considers three main issues: (i) primary research on contextual bias within forensic science; (ii) methodological criticisms of this research; (iii) an alternative perspective that task-irrelevant contextual information does not always lead to error. One suggestion for future research is outlined, which is that studies on contextual bias in forensic decisions should be conducted in collaboration between forensic scientists and cognitive psychologists. Only then can rigorous and ecological valid experiments be created that will be able to assess how task-irrelevant contextual information influences forensic analysis and judgments in operationally valid settings.     

A Roadmap for CANS Validation

In nearly every jurisdiction, juvenile or family courts will be using the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) tool to assess whether children can safely be treated in family-like settings to meet federal Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA) requirements. Yet, a number of peer-reviewed publications have raised serious concerns regarding the lack of CANS validation research. Rather than reject CANS, this article provides a roadmap for validating the tool with data that jurisdictions have already collected. Courts should require these three simple analyses before relying on the assessment.