生产、销售伪劣商品案件的特点与侦查方法

改革开放以来，生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪愈演渝烈，直接影响到我国人民的身体健康、生活质量，而且这种犯罪严重影响我国市与经济的健康发展和正常秩序。本文紧密结合公安实践，归纳了近年来这种案件的突出特点，并提出了若干具体可行的侦查方法。     

生态城市探讨

生态城市是实现可持续发展的重要基础。其特征是能充分利用可持续供给的清洁能源;能充分利用可持续供给的清洁材料;城市经济、社会、自然复合生态系统形成全面的协调共生网络;在城市的长期发展中始终具有最佳的生态位和最强的自组力。     

Followers＇ characteristics and leadership styles： An empirical fit among employees of Pakistan

Over the years, leadership researchers have focused on personality traits and behaviors of the leaders that determine their effectiveness. Contingency theorists, however, argued that ＂effectiveness of leader in any given situation is dependent on the followers＇ characteristics＂, while studying the followers＇ characteristics, most of them were concerned with followers＇ work related characteristics （e.g., ability and willingness to perform their tasks, and dependency of the followers） and needs （need for clarity, need for support, need for supervision, need for independence, and need for leadership）. But very few studies have explored the relationship between followers＇ personality traits and leadership characteristics, and how these personality traits influence the leader＇s ability to adjust their leadership styles. Moreover, the earlier studies either focusing on followers＇ traits or studying the leadership characteristics/styles were based on the data from western countries. Especially, this has been the most neglected area among the behavioral scientists of Pakistan. Therefore, the present study aims at examining the relationship between followers＇ personality characteristics and leadership styles of Pakistani workers and management. For this purpose, the study will utilize personality inventory proposed by Hofstee and de Raad （t992）, and as a result, it will fulfill the stipulations of researchers and practitioners from follower centered approach to leadership.     

On risking risk assessment of delinquent juveniles: some questions concerning the role of psychopathy

In recent years much research effort has been directed at assessing psychopathic personality disorder in juveniles and at devising structured assessment procedures for recidivism risk. Clinicians, however, are often reluctant to incorporate this recent research into their practice. While accepting the importance of a better understanding of the development of psychopathic personality disorder, we discuss three arguments against the uncritical application of current research findings concerning the disorder and its clinical value as a risk factor. We briefly review empirical evidence for the role of the disorder in risk assessment. A developmental psychopathology argument against current thinking about juvenile psychopathic personality disorder, and a criminological argument against risk assessment but in favor of a desistance approach to delinquency are discussed.     

暴力袭警犯罪的案件研究

使用暴力手段或以暴力威胁而阻碍人民警察执行公务的行为称为暴力袭警犯罪。该文通过对近期国内有关案件的整理与分析,发现暴力袭警分为报复型袭警、临时起意型袭警和精神异常型袭警三种类型,袭警行为发生时间、作案工具、实施人员有一定的规律。暴力袭警发生原因和背景各不相同,早期经历产生的情结与后期负性情绪的结合而导致报复型袭警,个体因激情状态而与警察发生纠纷,或精神异常导致的控制力减弱而袭警。故根据不同类型的袭警案件而提出提升警察个人能力、管控高风险人群、加强立法等防控策略。     

Geographic Variation in Zygomaxillary Suture Morphology and its Use in Ancestry Estimation

Angled/curved zygomaxillary suture coding is widely employed in cranial assessments of ancestry. However, the efficacy of this method has not been extensively evaluated across diverse populations. In this study, zygomaxillary suture morphology was assessed on a total of 411 human crania from six populations (European, Native American, African, Asian, Arctic Circle, and Aboriginal Australian) using a novel 3D coordinate landmark method. Our results indicate a predominance of angled sutures among native peoples of the Arctic and North America (85–86%), a prevalence of curved sutures among Africans and Aboriginal Australians (77–81%), and essentially equal proportions of both configurations in Asians and Europeans (50–56%). Statistically, angled/curved coding generally discriminates poorly between groups, except when populations with antithetically high frequencies of the two configurations (e.g., African vs. Native American) are compared. Moreover, comparisons across previous studies reveal conflicting frequencies for many populations, further suggesting limited utility of this trait in ancestry estimation.     

Morphoscopic Trait Expression in “Hispanic” Populations

This study evaluates population variation of eight cranial morphoscopic traits using samples of known southwest Hispanics (n = 72), Guatemalans (n = 106), American Blacks (n = 146), and American Whites (n = 218). We applied the support vector machine (SVM) method to build a prediction model based on a subsample (20%) of the data; the remainder of the data was used as a test sample. The SVM approach effectively differentiated between the four groups with correct classification rates between 72% (Guatemalan group) and 94% (American Black group). However, when the Guatemalan and southwest Hispanic samples were pooled, the same model correctly classified all groups with a higher degree of accuracy (American Black = 96%; American White = 77%; and the pooled Hispanic sample = 91%). This study also identified significant differences between the two Hispanic groups in six of the eight traits using univariate statistical tests. These results speak to the unique population histories of these samples and the current use of the term “Hispanic” within forensic anthropology. Finally, we argue that the SVM can be used as a classification model for ancestry estimation in a forensic context and as a diagnostic tool may broaden the application of morphoscopic trait data for the assessment of ancestry.     

Incarcerated youths with high or low callous–unemotional traits: a comparison controlling for age of crime onset

The aim of this study was to analyze the relevance of callous–unemotional (CU) traits in incarcerated juvenile delinquents. A sample of 160 incarcerated male youths was used. Results showed that youths with high CU traits had an earlier age of crime onset and of trouble with the law, and also had higher levels of conduct disorder. When controlling for age of crime onset, youths with high CU traits showed higher levels of general psychopathic traits and of psychopathy taxon membership as well as lower levels of prosocial behavior, but no differences were found for self-reported delinquency, crime seriousness, impulsivity-conduct problems, and general conduct problems. Also, no significant associations of CU traits with self-reported delinquency and crime seriousness were found when controlling for age of crime onset. Future studies of CU traits should take into account the specific importance of age of onset.     

金融诈骗犯罪的特点和预防对策

金融诈骗犯罪对我国金融体制的危害日趋严重。随着社会的发展和全球经济的一体化 ,金融诈骗犯罪出现了智能化、专业化、国际化等特征。金融诈骗犯罪的预防应着重从行业预防和法律预防入手 ,建立专业的经侦队伍和银行与警方的协作机制 ,强化打击金融犯罪的国际合作。     

Personality traits,political attitudes and vote choice: Evidence from the United States

Past studies have documented the significant relationships between personality traits and voter turnout, but we know less about whether personality traits influence individual vote choices. This study examines whether such attitudinal factors as party identification, feeling thermometers toward the candidates, policy preferences and executive approval mediate the effects of personality traits on vote choice in the United States. Using data from ANES 2012, this study finds no direct relationship between personality traits and vote choice. More importantly, the results reveal that through previously mentioned attitudinal factors, higher levels of extraversion, conscientiousness and emotional stability indirectly decrease the probability of voting for Obama, whereas a higher level of openness to experience indirectly increases the probability of voting for Obama. Nevertheless, agreeableness only exerts an indirect, positive influence on vote choice via executive approval. Overall, this study provides insight into the relationship between personality traits and vote choice and makes up for the insufficiency in the study of personality and voting behavior.