非营利组织参与公共政策的探讨

公民的政策参与是现代的公共政策的基石。尤其是非营利组织兴起以来,这种参与由公民的个体参与转变为组织性的活动。非营利组织在公共政策的制定过程中也越来越占据重要地位,虽然它本身还有很多局限性。作为公共政策的制定者——政府,应该积极主动的为非营利组织的发展创造良好的环境,并主动吸取非营利组织参与政策制定。     

贵阳市道路交通事故综合分析及应对方式初探

在2006年12月21日至2007年12月20日期间,贵阳市共发生道路交通事故559起,造成241人残废,伤821人。重伤和死亡人员大多数为行人。事故高发于年初和年尾,每日10：00-12：00和6：00-8：00为事故高发时段。私家车违法肇事突出。前五位事故原因为超速行驶、违法超车、会车、不胺规定让行、违法占道行驶,今后要改变被动处理交通事故的思维定式,将应对交通事故的重心放到制度建设上来,从源头堵住导致交通事故多发的制度漏洞。     

从袭警现象看社会公共安全问题

随着我国社会转型的逐步加快,社会矛盾比较突出,导致群众袭警现象不断出现。这一现象背后有着危及社会公共安全的根源,致使社会稳定遭到破坏,降低了群众的安全感,警察公信力被质疑。解决这一类型的袭警问题,维护社会公共安全,就必须采取措施,重视群众的合理诉求,明确警察的角色定位,重塑和谐的警民关系,提升警察的自身素质。     

The corporate shaping of GM crops as a technology for the poor

The status of international agricultural research as a global public good (GPG) has been widely accepted since the Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. While the term was not used at the time of its creation, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system that evolved at that time has been described as a ‘prime example of the promise, performance and perils of an international approach to providing GPGs’. Contemporary literature on international agricultural research as a GPG tends to support this view and focuses on how to operationalize the concept. This paper adopts a different starting point and questions this conceptualization of the CGIAR and its outputs. It questions the appropriateness of such a ‘neutral’ concept to a system born of the imperatives of Cold War geopolitics, and shaped by a history of attempts to secure its relevance in a changing world. This paper draws on a multi-sited, ethnographic study of a research effort highlighted by the CGIAR as an exemplar of GPG-oriented research. Behind the ubiquitous language of GPGs, ‘partnership’ and ‘consensus’, however, new forms of exclusion and restriction are emerging within everyday practice, reproducing North–South inequalities and undermining the ability of these programmes to respond to the needs of projected beneficiaries.     

Books received

Since the early 2000s, the governments in ASEAN (the Association of South East Asian Nations) countries have developed ‘good agricultural practices’ (GAP) as public approaches to field-level quality assurance. Besides the primary goals of consumer food safety and quality assurance, these public GAP programs aim to support small-scale farmer inclusion in mainstream markets. This goal represents the antithesis of the prevailing trend that private GAP approaches have tightened integration with resourceful, large-scale producers in global value chains. This paper examines the compatibility of the goals of safety assurance and social justice in a public GAP approach through comparative analysis of Thailand's Q-GAP between two local contexts of fruit production and marketing. The research findings suggest that while the public GAP scheme could draw the participation of a broad cohort of local small-scale producers and serve to certify their production, its impact on changing producers' on-field practices and catalyzing their access to the global market through food safety assurance is limited. The binding factors include the lack of producers' understanding of the principles of the programme, limited additional economic merits for them, and the influence of extra-local market forces that stress economies of size and food quality rather than food safety.     

2000年政治经济学和社会主义经济理论热点问题研究综述

2000年政治经济学和社会主义经济理论热点问题集中在关于深化对劳动和劳动价值论的认识;公有制在社会主义制度中的地位;社会主义经济和有中国特色的社会主义经济的关系;政治经济学基本理论和方法的坚持与发展等几个方面.在研究和探讨中,见仁见智,推动了对相关问题的深入认识和理解.     

中国宏观经济现状与发展态势分析

当前中国宏观经济随着产业结构调整和国有企业经济效益明显好转而出现稳步回升的势头,经济质量也出现新的转机。但我国城乡经济发展极不平衡,制约经济增长的结构性、制度性问题仍未得到根本解决,经济回升的基础还不够稳固。要将转机变为战略性转折,一方面,必须继续坚持扩大内需的扩张性政策,保持较高的经济增长速度;另一方面,必须探索和推动政治体制的改革和法律制度建设,以激发经济增长的内在动力,加快经济结构调整以促进制度创新,切实提高国民经济的整体质量和效益。     

私利·公利·正义·仁义--义利关系的传统反思与现代诠释

本文首先在剖析中西义利观区别的基础上,把义和利的内涵分别分解为私利、公利和正义、仁义等不同层次.然后通过对社会主义市场经济内在本质的考察,提出理解义利关系的三大理论原则第一,以私利为动力,以公利为目标;第二,以正义为约束,以仁义为引导;第三,以利释义,以义制利,义利统一.最后根据以上原则提出社会主义市场经济条件下坚持义利统一的三个层次合理谋利即是义;增进公利即是义;自觉让利即是义.     

The dilemmas of pursuing ‘throughput legitimacy’ through participatory mechanisms

Under pressure to open up the ‘black box’ of governance, technocratic bodies are increasingly seeking to include civil society participation in the policy process. This article draws on empirical cases from the European Commission and NHS England to assess the extent to which the participatory mechanisms pursued by these institutions have been successful in eliciting ‘throughput legitimacy’. It is shown that though these mechanisms have taken very different forms – the former a classic instance of ‘window dressing’ participation, the latter closer to ‘best practice’ in this field – they nevertheless share a number of ongoing vulnerabilities. The article outlines the shared organisational, operational and existential dilemmas that technocratic bodies face when eliciting civil society participation, and highlight their reliance on backstage negotiation to sustain stakeholder buy-in. It concludes by highlighting the prospect that the pursuit of throughput legitimacy for technocratic bodies entails inherent limitations and contradictions.     

劳动者举报行为和忠诚义务的冲突与协调 —— 比较法的启示与中国法的完善

劳动者通过举报用人单位的违法行为,可以减少监管成本,保护社会公共利益;然而,这种行 为却违反其所应该负的忠诚义务。因此,只有明晰两者之间的边界,鼓励与规范劳动者举报行为,才可以既保 护社会公共利益,又不至用人单位遭受经济损失。在比较发达国家对劳动者举报行为与忠诚义务相关规定的基 础上,研究认为,应该通过规定劳动者举报行为的合法性要件,明确劳动者忠诚义务来化解其举报行为和忠诚 义务的冲突。此外,应该通过改善对劳动者举报的奖励制度和制定举报救济措施来激励和保障其举报行为。