论惩罚性赔偿的新运用

惩罚性赔偿作为经济法的一种具体责任形式 ,在英美法系国家得到广泛的适用 ,我国也在《消费者权益保护法》第 49条规定了双倍赔偿原则 ,但在实际运用中却还有很多不尽人意之处 ,且存在很大的局限性。本文试以英美法律惩罚性赔偿的相关规定为借鉴 ,结合我国实际情况 ,探讨如何使惩罚性赔偿在我国法律中得到更有效、更广泛地适用     

产品缺陷惩罚性损害赔偿制度建立的经济分析

我国的产品缺陷法律制度中欠缺对产品缺陷的惩罚性损害赔偿的规定,使我国消费者的合法权益得不到有效的维护。根据这一制度的法理基础:效益与正义,用经济学方法确定惩罚性损害赔偿的数额,应在我国的产品责任中引进这一制度。     

论刑事惩罚性赔偿

我国刑事法律的现行规定并不支持被害人在精神损害方面获得赔偿,刑事精神损害赔偿在我国刑事法学界是一个讨论已久的问题,刑事惩罚性赔偿制度将能够解决这一问题。我国现有的刑事赔偿制度具有一定的局限性,而刑事惩罚性赔偿制度将为被害人提供充分的救济。作为一种非刑罚处罚方法,其可以均衡地保护被害人和犯罪人的合法利益。     

论食品安全法中的惩罚性赔偿责任

在食品安全领域适用惩罚性赔偿,具有补偿消费者维权成本,提高生产者、经营者违法成本,谒制违法行为再次发生等多种功能。《消费者权益保护法》中规定的惩罚性赔偿在食品消费领域仍有适用空间。《食品安全法》中规定以生产或销售不符合食品安全标准的食品作为适用惩罚性赔偿的前提不利于对消费者的保护和对违法者的惩罚;并且惩罚性赔偿标准偏低,并不能使惩罚性赔偿的多重功能得到完全释放,不应以食品价金来确定赔偿标准,应根据具体情况采取综合性标准来确定具体的赔偿数额。     

论惩罚性赔偿在我国的适用

英美法惩罚性赔偿制度的变革及发展趋势对于我国建立完善惩罚性赔偿制度提供了思考的空间和可资借鉴的地方。我国现行法律确立了惩罚性赔偿制度，但存在一定缺陷，实施效果不尽如人意。     

论惩罚性赔偿制度的确立

惩罚性赔偿制度作为民事责任的一项基本制度已被英美法系国家尤其是美国广泛适用。鉴于该制度的独特价值功能,我国应将其引入民事立法,以期推动惩罚性赔偿制度在我国的发展。     

Superego,special juries and a split law: eighteenth-century adultery trials viewed through Zizek’s lens

Over the course of several books, Zizek develops a psychoanalytical account of the symbiosis between the public law and the individual subject’s own acquiescence. It is of course a non-formalist theory, suggesting that formal law alone does not achieve social order. This article applies an element of the theory empirically to a historical question: to the question of how the behaviour of juries in a particular type of 18th-century adultery trial managed to be both the object of contemporary controversy and an expression of normative values. The social ambivalence signalled by that doubleness opens surprisingly well to Zizek’s theory that the power of law is divided between its own public form and the subjects’ expression of superego. The theory of the split law, the hidden supplement outside the system, clarifies the historically-specific example. However, the historical example also illuminates the theory: it suggests how the space for this supplement also exists within the system, which can incorporate and make use of it.

略论我国合同法上违约金性质的演变 ——从《经济合同法》到《合同法》的考察

我国自1949年建国以来,合同法上的违约金制度主要经历了两个阶段,即《经济合同法》时代和《合同法》时代的违约金制度,我国合同法上的违约金的性质也随着《经济合同法》时代到《合同法》时代的变迁而发生演变。《经济合同法》时代依托的是我国社会主义计划经济以及计划经济向市场经济转轨的阶段,这一时代的违约金具有惩罚性与补偿性相结合,以惩罚性为主,以补偿性为辅的性质;《合同法》时代依托的是社会主义市场经济阶段,这一时代的违约金的性质相较于《经济合同法》时代已经发生了演变,它的性质演变成以补偿性为原则,以惩罚性为例外。     

Inaccurate Conception: ACB v Thomson Medical

This note considers the decision of the Singapore Court of Appeal in ACB v Thomson Medical in which the plaintiff sought damages for the upkeep costs of a child conceived using sperm from someone other than her husband as a result of negligence by a fertility clinic. The Court held that upkeep costs could not be recovered as a matter of public policy, but recognised a new head of loss, namely damages for loss of genetic affinity. In a controversial ruling, the Court quantified these damages at thirty per cent of the upkeep costs of the child. While holding that punitive damages could be recovered outside the categories recognised in Rookes v Barnard, the Court rejected such an award on the facts of the case.