民事习惯的动态法典化——民事习惯之司法导入机制研究

民事习惯的法典化表现为两种形态,即静态法典化与动态法典化。在这两种法典化形态中,动态法典化居于关键性地位。动态法典化是指建立一种司法的制度机制,将民事习惯经由司法判例导入到法的现实运作中来。实现民事习惯的动态法典化应主要包括五种机制,即民事习惯的司法确认、司法功能、司法构成、司法证明与司法监督。经由以上五种行之有效的将习惯导入司法的机制,可以永葆民法典的“青春活力”。     

中间确认与告知当事人变更诉讼请求--《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》第35条论评

中间确认在本质上是法院的一种实体性裁决,具有中间性和确认性二个特点,在效力上具有预决效力.法院告知当事人变更诉讼请求属于法官释明权,但已突破了传统释明权的范围.该制度的正当性基础在于理顺诉讼逻辑、提高诉讼效率、体现人文关怀,从而使民事诉讼机制更趋于合理.但其仍然在理论及实践上存在诸多困惑,出路是引入外国法中的中间判决制度以及确立诉之预备合并制度.     

政府购买冲击与商业周期——一个基于Keynes波动理论与真实商业周期理论的比较分析

基于IS-LM模型的传统凯恩斯波动理论主要从需求的角度用乘数理论分析政府购买冲击对宏观经济变量的静态影响;基本的真实商业周期理论则主要从供给的角度用财富效应和劳动力跨期替代理论分析政府购买冲击对消费、劳动投入、总产出等宏观经济变量的动态效应。不同的动态随机一般均衡模型得出的校准结论常常大相径庭。Keynes波动理论和真实商业周期理论对政府购买的消费效应持有截然不同的观点。     

关于中小股东利益保护的三个方面

基于对每一股东个人权利的尊重和维护 ,加强对中小股东利益的保护尤显重要。本文拟从事前防范、事中救济、事后补偿三个方面展开对保护措施的探讨 ,这里涉及三个相关制度 :累积投票制、派生诉讼和股份收买请求权 (包括异议估价制     

Context Effects in Forensic Entomology and Use of Sequential Unmasking in Casework

Context effects are pervasive in forensic science, and are being recognized by a growing number of disciplines as a threat to objectivity. Cognitive processes can be affected by extraneous context information, and many proactive scientists are therefore introducing context‐minimizing systems into their laboratories. Forensic entomologists are also subject to context effects, both in the processes they undertake (e.g., evidence collection) and decisions they make (e.g., whether an invertebrate taxon is found in a certain geographic area). We stratify the risk of bias into low, medium, and high for the decisions and processes undertaken by forensic entomologists, and propose that knowledge of the time the deceased was last seen alive is the most potentially biasing piece of information for forensic entomologists. Sequential unmasking is identified as the best system for minimizing context information, illustrated with the results of a casework trial (n = 19) using this approach in Victoria, Australia.     

Stereotyping,congruence and presentation order: Interpretative biases in utilizing offender profiles

Abstract

This paper explores how offender profiles might influence the way in which individuals interpret investigative information dependent on its congruence with the investigators’ own beliefs. Participants, comprising 222 lay people, completed an online questionnaire where a profile was either congruent or incongruent with a stereotypical or an atypical suspect who was presented before or after the introduction of the profile (resulting in eight conditions). Several cognitive strategies appeared to be used in interpreting the information. Contrary to expectations, individuals relying on representativeness heuristics were more influenced by a profile challenging their views than by one supporting them, whilst individuals who invested greater cognitive effort (termed hereafter “cognitive elaboration”) were more resistant to changing their views in light of disconfirming profiling advice. There was tentative evidence to suggest that a confirmation bias might occur when individuals engage in cognitive elaboration, such that individuals appeared to be more influenced by a confirming profile than by a disconfirming one. Finally, it was found that the profile was perceived to be more influential when presented before the introduction of a suspect than after. Implications for advising on the interpretation of such advice, as well as preparing such reports, are discussed.     

关于佛山代购火车票案定性的思考

佛山代购火车票案中钟某夫妻二人的行为不构成倒卖车票罪和非法经营罪。钟某夫妻二人的行为是一种民事代理行为,每张火车票加收10元手续费是委托合同双方事先约定的服务费。其行为既没有使铁路部门受到损失,也没有损害委托人的利益,故不应当以犯罪论处。     

浅析我国地方政府房屋限购令

我国地方政府房屋限购令具有形式多样性,效力双重性、规范性和强制性的特征,在目的上具有现实合理性。应秉承＂取其精华,保留正当政策,去其糟粕,改进调控手段＂的原则,对地方政府房屋限购令的内容加以完善。     

商事登记的界定及其价值取向

商事登记是指登记申请人按照法律规定向主管机关提出旨在确认商事主体的主体资格、营业资格及其他重大事项的申请,并由主管机关依法对申请事项审核登记的一系列法律行为。商事登记过程中行政机关的登记行为应为行政确认,而非行政许可。商事登记的价值取向为安全和效率,其中效率优先,兼顾安全．正确认识二者之间的关系对商事登记立法及实践意义重大。     

公证债权文书执行审查程序与破产债权确认之诉的交错与区隔 ——以重庆莱卡斯贸易有限公司破产债权确认纠纷案为视角

具有强制执行效力的公证书确认的债权进入执行程序后,债务人进入破产清算的,围绕债权产生的争议,在规范层面上,存在着公证债权文书执行审查程序与破产债权确认之诉这两种不同的争议解决程序,然而这两种程序性质迥异,相互排斥、无法并行。为协调两种程序之间的关系,应当以裁定受理破产申请与裁定中止执行这两个时间节点为界,对这两种程序的适用范围进行区隔,分别确定两个程序的不同规制范围。