SOURCES OF INFORMAL SOCIAL CONTROL IN CHICAGO NEIGHBORHOODS*

Why do youth in structurally disadvantaged neighborhoods experience lower levels of informal social control? To answer this question, we examined multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods. Using hierarchical regression, we found that (1) neighborhood attachment and satisfaction with police contributed significantly to neighborhood levels of informal social control; and (2) neighborhood attachment and satisfaction with police mediated a substantial portion of the association between informal social control and neighborhood levels of concentrated disadvantage and immigrant concentration.     

迪尔凯姆的社会学研究方法管窥——以《自杀论》为视角

迪尔凯姆指出，社会学要想成为一门真正的社会科学，就必须与各种浅见划清界限，并将独立于行动者意识与意志的社会事实作为自己的研究对象。迪尔凯姆将这一指导思想运用在其著作《自杀论》中，以具有集体意向的自杀率为研究对象，对自杀进行了溯源分类，并通过用经验的结论反复进行比较以提出理论假设，进而用演绎鉴别方法检验得出的结论是否可信来验证理论。迪尔凯姆结束了社会学史上理论研究与经验研究相脱节的局面，《自杀论》则为社会学实证研究提供了经典范例，但其也存在定义不清晰和理论不具有证伪性的不足。     

Defensive development,combative contradictions: towards an international political sociology of global militarism in Africa

ABSTRACT

Drawing on international political sociology, this article shows how the merger of development and security has become part of the ideational architecture that facilitates a new ‘feel-good’ militarism in Africa. Contemporary international reform efforts are designed to restrain military power in the name of development, democracy and civilian oversight, but also to strengthen the coercive capacities of African security institutions and make them more efficient in the global fight against violent extremism. Such defensive development efforts have implications for the historically problematic relationship of the African state with modern forms of organised force, reconfiguring and recalibrating relations and dynamics between the state, military forces and external actors. The article concludes that defensive development is fraught with combative contradictions and risks becoming the handmaiden not only of increased militaristic violence, but also of oppression and the restriction of freedom and democracy.     

论“情境主义”的社会冲突观--一个本土理论视角的述评与反思

社会冲突是一种普遍存在的社会现象,超越社会制度和社会发展阶段而存在。中国社会情境中的社会冲突内在于中国独特的社会文化底色和社会关系格局,根植于西方文化的社会冲突理论无法理解、诠释和解决中国社会情境中的社会冲突现象。本位论、取向论、均衡论和计谋论是本土社会理论对于本土社会行为和文化心理特征的四种基本判断。自我本位固化的自然秩序、权威取向的文化心理特性、追求均衡的保守主义和利己主义本质,以及重策略、轻原则的"理性"选择习惯,是导致人际冲突发生的四种主要文化症结。这些根源于中国文化深层心理以及社会结构的特征不仅内在地隐含着社会冲突的种子,更是中国社会从传统向现代文明转型过程中的障碍。     

The Problems of Mexico: An Analysis of a Sociological Discourse

Based on an empirical analysis of articles published between 1987 and 2006 in three major Mexican sociological journals, my research traces the continuities and discontinuities in the study of the alleged malfunctioning of Mexican society. The study of how sociologists represented Mexican society has revealed several discursive dynamics. The traditional economic and political perspectives blaming social problems on elites predominate. Studies of electoral system flaws, political contention, lacklustre democracy in unions, and union collusion with industrial capitalism abound. More recently, however, the introduction of the study of globalisation has transformed the examination of these issues.     

电商经济是虚拟经济吗？——物质文化视野下的电子商务

中国电商经济的发展已取得举世瞩目的成就，但围绕它的质疑和批评也不少。制造业的支持者认为它是生产泡沫的“虚拟经济”，指责它冲击了自身行业所代表的“实体经济”。既有的学术研究也将互联网和线下的物质世界对立，预设互联网是非物质的存在。文章从物质文化研究的角度提出电商经济对信息技术装备、个体经营和生活设施、商业配套设施、公共服务设施和产业基础条件的依赖揭示了它的物质属性，解构了电商经济作为非物质虚拟经济形式的迷思。与此同时，作为物的电子商务也在和人的互动中生产着新的文化形态。它塑造从业人员某些特殊的日常生活实践，这些实践在电商卖家和其他人群的利用之下变成了富有社会功能和象征意义的文化元素。把握这一物与人的互动过程有助于我们更好地了解电子商务嵌入人们日常生活进行意义生产的方式。     

Presence on the Ground: Expectations,Resources and Tactical Moves in the Negotiation of a UN Peacekeeping Operation in the Central African Republic

ABSTRACT

How do local situations matter? It is tempting to explain the creation of a new peacekeeping operation (PKO) by the willingness to solve a local security problem. However, main contributor countries to UN and EU PKO in the Central African Republic in 2014, have sent hundreds of troops without a genuine interest in the local situation. Thus, how, why and when links to the ground are made? Having presence on the ground gave some actors levers in the negotiations. The contact with the ground impact the construction of expectations. It is a resource for pressuring on hesitating countries.     

民事公益之基本类型与程序路径

民事诉讼所要承载之"公益"价值目标可一分为二:"集合性公益"与"纯粹性公益"。基于其间的本质差异,承载二者的制度逻辑和程序原理必须有所区别。传统的"群体性诉讼"制度,如代表人诉讼、选定当事人诉讼、集团诉讼、示范性诉讼(亦称实验性诉讼)等,足以承载"集合性公益"之救济需求。"纯粹性公益"之价值目标,则必须由"公益侵害阻断程序"加以承载。我国新《民事诉讼法》第55条所要建立的民事公益诉讼制度是以德国为代表的"团体诉讼"(verbandsklage)制度为模本的。该项制度在一定程度上开始突破传统民事诉讼之私益属性原理,在广义上属于公益侵害阻断程序的范畴,其制度功能处于"集合性公益"与"纯粹性公益"的临界点上。     

大学与知识:大学角色的知识社会学解释

按照古典的现代性时代、自由的现代性时代、组织化的现代性时代及后现代性时代的历史分期,分别从大学是什么、大学依赖什么样的知识、大学参与知识的方式是什么三个方面进行阐述。探讨大学作为保存古典知识传播新学的机构,转向知识生产的场所,再到使用知识的培训机构,最后成为规范知识生产的组织的历史演变过程。     

宗教的社会功能及其社会角色扮演——涂尔干的宗教社会学思想研究

涂尔干是法国社会学派最为重要的代表人物之一,他对宗教的兴趣主要是来自家庭、近代法国思想传统和"社会学主义"的方法论倾向三方面的影响。涂尔干的宗教社会学理论立场的主要基点可以概括为社会唯实论和社会整体观。研究涂尔干的宗教社会学思想,结合当前中国现实社会中普遍的信仰缺失问题,可以关涉当下中国社会道德信仰体系的整合与重建。