针刺麻醉文献研究的内容与方法

针刺麻醉的基础研究虽然主要以现代科学技术为手段,但追溯针刺麻醉的源流与发展、廓清针刺麻醉的临床与研究实践、总结针刺麻醉的理论与技术方法,仍需在足够的古今文献依据基础上完成。古代针刺麻醉文献虽然内容丰富,但整理研究相对薄弱;现代相关文献报道数量较大,但缺乏系统总结。今后针刺麻醉文献研究工作应包括针刺麻醉文献的汇集整理研究、针刺麻醉文献资源数字化规范及标准研究、针刺镇痛与针刺麻醉文献的综合研究、针刺麻醉优势病种的特异性腧穴研究、针刺麻醉的中医理论研究5个方面。     

A Study on Evolution Trend and Influence Factors of Regional Structural Similarity about China’s Manufacturing Industry

This paper reviews the measuring method of industrial structure similarity, the changing trajectory and causal analysis of China regional structural similarity in recent years. This research shows that MKI completely coincides with SSI. The industrial structure similarity in China has first decreased, and then increased, at last with a downward trend in recent years. Empirically the paper analyzes the influence factors of manufacturing structural similarity, and the result shows that the government behavior has a great important influence on regional manufacturing structural similarity; Manufacturing structural similarity is negatively related to the following difference of factor between regions: resource, transportation costs, local government protection, level of economic development; Before one period lag, difference between government direct investment have the positive correlation with manufacturing structural similarity. Finally the paper puts forward relevant policy recommendations based on the changing trajectory of structural similarity and the conclusion of empirical analysis.     

卧姿笔迹特征的实验研究

目的为卧姿笔迹鉴定提供识别和评断的参考依据。方法比较108个不同书写水平者的仰卧、左侧卧、右侧卧及俯卧笔迹与正常坐姿笔迹特征上的异同点,通过大量实验数据的统计分析,总结出卧姿笔迹特征及其变化规律,探讨可能的变化原因,并分析卧姿笔迹检验的要点。结果卧姿笔迹在字体、写法、错别字、笔顺、字间组合和单字的基本搭配比例等特征上较稳定。这些特征可作为本质特征使用。4种卧姿中,俯卧笔迹特征最稳定;书写水平高者笔迹特征也较稳定。结论卧姿笔迹鉴定应结合卧姿笔迹特征变化规律,准确判断笔迹的形成条件,去伪存真,做出科学的评断。     

Structural discrimination and social stigma among individuals incarcerated for sexual offenses: Reentry across the rural–urban continuum

The stigma associated with a felony conviction can impede the reentry process, and emerging research findings indicate that one's community can amplify or temper the mark of a criminal record. Researchers examining criminal stigma have focused on individuals living in urban areas, overlooking the experiences of persons outside these communities. Using qualitative data collected from a sample of men and women paroled for sexual offenses in Missouri, we contrast how social and structural stigma alter the reentry experiences for participants living in communities along the rural and urban continuum. The results show that the stigma of a sex offense conviction was a near‐universal experience and residence restrictions stymied efforts to find housing. Residents of urban areas and some large cities felt that the community offered relative anonymity from stigma but the stress of their status being discovered was omnipresent. Participants in rural areas and small cities had less social privacy and reported being shunned in the community, although strong social ties did mitigate some of the consequences of stigma. The results highlight the importance of considering place when studying reentry and have implications for designing correctional policies to address the needs of residents returning to non–metropolitan locations.     

Race/ethnicity,citizenship status,and crime examined through trauma experiences among young adults in the United States

Race/ethnicity, citizenship status, and trauma, have significant impact on delinquency and crime outcomes; though the reasons for some expected and unexpected crime pathways are still unanswered. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (n?=?7,103), this study found the following results: no difference in the likelihood of engagement in delinquency and crime between blacks and whites; cumulative trauma increased delinquency and crime rates for all racial and ethnic groups; racial and ethnic minority groups compared to whites reported a significantly higher level of childhood trauma experiences; and native-born female immigrant groups (but not male) were more likely to engage in delinquency and crime than first-generation female immigrant groups. Implications and recommendations are set forth.     

JUDICIAL ROTATION AS CENTRIPETAL FORCE: SENTENCING IN THE COURT COMMUNITIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA*

Courts as communities theory emphasizes the sentencing differences that can arise between localities within a single state. The results of published studies have highlighted how local differences emerge based on informal sociological and political processes defined by the communities perspective. The findings from recent quantitative studies from South Carolina have revealed notably less county variation in sentencing than has been observed elsewhere. I use qualitative interviews with 13 South Carolina trial judges to investigate sentencing processes and to shed light on these findings. The interviews explore the state's legal structure and culture, including the practice of circuit rotation in which judges travel among counties holding court. The results suggest rotation serves as a centripetal force of sentencing culture, homogenizing what might otherwise be a more varied collection of county‐specific norms. Rotation leads to increased uniformity through judge shopping and the cross‐pollination of ideas and norms. Defendants can strategically judge shop and plead in front of a lenient judge—a process that gives rise to the term “plea judge,” which is a label for the most lenient judges who sentence a large number of defendants. Rotation also increases the interactions among judges and prosecutors, expanding networks and grapevines, and leading to cross‐pollination and the sharing of ideas.     

The role of respect in interactions with police among substance-using African refugee young people in Melbourne,Australia

Racialized policing and substance use are major issues faced by African young people in Australia. In-depth interviews with 18 refugee young people who use alcohol and/or drugs examined interactions with police. Status respect and human respect played important roles in interactions with police. Participants felt unfairly targeted by police and reported that they were disrespected by police through the use of discriminatory language, failing to differentiate between individuals leading to a sense of loss of self-identity, and stereotyping. Development and implementation of programs focusing on building mutual understanding and respect is needed to improve relations between refugee-background youth and police.     

管理运筹学教学改革与实践

通过问卷调,了解现阶段管理运筹学的教学现状,根据管理运筹教学现状,提出其教学改革的方向,主要针对教学内容的重组、教学目标的设计和教学策略的选择进行改革,并通过教学改革实践,发现这些方法对管理运筹学的教学起到了积极作用。     

学术造假的博弈分析及治理对策

学术造假行为的蔓延,损害了学术的纯洁性和原创性,阻碍了我国学术水平的提高和与国际学术界接轨的进程,危害了社会和他人,有必要加以治理。文章从治理学术造假的角度出发,利用博弈论的基本原理对学术造假行为进行了经济博弈分析,并提出了治理学术造假的策略和措施。     

对当前公安文化建设的几点思考

本文针对当前公安文化建设中的一些重要问题,进行了理性的思考和探索,提出了公安文化研究的背景与视野问题,公安文化发展的战略性定位问题及公安文化的建设与发展要以人文精神为底蕴的问题。