文化遗产廊道构建的理论与实践——以滇藏茶马古道为例

文化遗产廊道是国际遗产保护界内专门针对大尺度、跨区域、综合性线状文化遗产保护的新思维与新方法。面对滇藏茶马古道屡遭破坏的严重事实,构建文化遗产廊道保护战略将茶马古道及古道上的遗产单体纳入区域性整体保护体系是极其重要且必要的。以遗产廊道理论为基础,文化遗产廊道在概念、内涵及建构模式方面形成自身的理论框架,在此框架下,须采取多项措施保障以滇藏茶马古道为对象而进行的文化遗产廊道的构建实践,以期为我国类似于茶马古道的线状遗产保护提供有效借鉴。     

环境公益诉权及其程序保障——以检察机关提起环境公益诉讼为视角

实践表明,我国保护环境的传统模式即行政执法方式是失灵的。当前,探索司法介入环境保护的新模式是必要的,而环境司法的首要问题就是环境公益诉权的问题。根据我国实际情况,赋予检察机关环境公益诉权不仅是必要的,而且是可行的。同时,还要探索检察机关在提起环境公益诉讼过程中的诉讼地位、处分权的规制、证明责任的分配、诉讼时效等程序机制,以达到既保障且诉权、又加以合理规制的目的。     

论自动驾驶汽车生产者的刑事责任

自动驾驶汽车是人类研发、制造、使用和管理的智能产品,不是犯罪主体或刑事责任主体。在自动驾驶汽车自主控制状态下发生交通事故的,其生产者、使用者和其他人员难以按照我国现有刑法的罪名定罪处罚。除非道路交通安全法和刑法有专门的规定,驾驶位人员不接管汽车或接管后无力改变交通事故结果的,不构成交通肇事罪或其他管理过失犯罪。驾驶位人员的注意义务是阻止自动驾驶汽车自主控制下发生交通事故,其注意义务不应过高。允许的风险、紧急避险理论不能为自动驾驶汽车紧急路况处理算法的生产与应用提供合法、合理的解决方案,生产者遵守算法安全标准仅可以使生产行为合法化。鉴于现行刑法不适应自动驾驶汽车应用的特性,我国应当建立以生产者全程负责为中心的新刑事责任体系,使之在自动驾驶汽车生产和应用两个阶段承担安全管理责任,生产者拒不履行自动驾驶汽车应用安全管理义务且情节严重的,应当承担刑事责任。     

The political effects of referendums: An analysis of institutional innovations in Eastern and Central Europe

Theory suggests that the political effects of referendums should vary according to the institutional provisions that allow for direct involvement of citizens in decision-making. Relying on extant theoretical models the paper proposes initial tests of some implications for the newly democratized countries in Eastern and Central Europe. The constitutions of these countries distinguish themselves by a wide variety of institutional provisions for referendums. Taking advantage of this increased variance, the paper demonstrates effects of different institutional provisions on policy outcomes, which, so far, have only been demonstrated at the sub-national level, for example, in the United States and Switzerland.     

Striking the federal bargain in Russia: comparative regional government strategies

The central research goals of this article are to classify and explain the positions of the 89 state “governors” of Russia with regard to the most desirable federal division of power. The state governors are classified along a 5-item autonomy index based on events data and content analysis of their speeches, declarations, petitions, threats and actions from 1991–1995 as reported in two regional sources. Theoretical propositions derived from four schools of thought (essentialism, instrumentalism, relative deprivation and resource mobilization) are tested to discover which, if any, provide useful insights into the preferences and behavior of regional elites in Russia. In the end, a combined model that synthesizes elements of the above is shown to be most useful in explaining variation in elite positions.     

The Impact of Quality Public Service Delivery on Customer Satisfaction in Bahir Dar City Administration: The Case of Ginbot 20 Sub-city

ABSTRACT

This study is conducted with the general objective of assessing the impact of quality public service delivery on customer satisfaction in Ginbot20 sub-city. To conduct the study correlational research design, and quantitative research approach have been employed. A total of 88 samples both from customers (68) and service providers (20) were selected using simple random sampling and systematic random sampling techniques respectively. Data were collected using questionnaires. Based on the data collected, the study comes up with certain findings. Among the major findings, the perception of customers and service providers on quality service delivery and customer satisfaction is different, responsiveness, tangibility, assurance, and reliability have positively associated with customer satisfaction. However, empathy has negatively associated with customer satisfaction. Generally, the likelihood of customers gets satisfied when there is quality service delivery is 0.84 (84%) while get satisfied with the probability value of 0.038948(3.8948%) in the absence of quality service delivery.     

我国异地养老的现状及对策研究

养老事业是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分，异地养老作为一种新型的养老模式，由于受内、外因的共同制约，而影响其在我国的普遍推广，故有必要研究这些制约因素并制定相应的措施，以促进我国养老事业的发展。     

监狱中层领导干部心理健康状况与压力管理策略

监狱人民警察作为一个特殊的职业群体，心理问题凸显已是不争的事实。当前监狱中层领导干部的心理健康状况如何，在调查的基础上，从探寻压力源和压力管理的角度入手，探索有效的方法、手段和运行方式，提升监狱中层领导干部的职业素养和领导能力。     

生命法史考

作为生命法学研究对象的生命法拥有自身独特的发展历程。国外生命法与中国生命法尽管显现出了不尽相同的发展进路，但却有着相同的推动力量。具体来说：生命法的发展是经济社会进步的必然结果，是科技进步的必然结果。生命法的本质使命在于保障人类生命伦理社会秩序的相对稳定。就其发展进路来看，生命科技的不断进步与人类经济社会的持续发展使得生命法的调整范围必然呈现出日渐扩大的趋向，其体系构成必然会逐步完善，而生命法的内容也会越来越趋向于理性。     

对中国高等学校多媒体教学的反思与建议

现代教育技术在高等教育教学中的运用越来越为广泛,尤其是多媒体教学凭借其形象、生动及提高教学效率等优势使得多媒体教学在高校教学中所占比重日趋扩大,同时也为教学带来了一定的影响。在肯定多媒体教学优势的同时,从理论和实践两个层面,深入阐释了我国高等院校在多媒体教学中存在的问题,并理论结合实际的提出了改善高校多媒体教学的思路。