山西省文检工作的现状与改善

文件检验是刑事科学技术的一个重要组成部分,针对目前我省公安机关文检工作中存在的问题,探讨一些解决的方法,旨在引起各有关部门和专业人员的重视,以使文件检验工作能更好地发挥其应有的作用。     

对提单“提货凭证“功能重大变革反思——评《UNCITRAL运输法草案》的相关规定

为解决提单迟延的难题,《UNCITRAL运输法草案》对可转让提单的“提货凭证”功能进行了大胆的改革。本文认为,《草案》的制度设计,不具有合理性与可操作性,还将导致提单物权凭证功能的丧失。在电子提单得到普及前,凭保函放货是解决提单延迟问题的务实方法。     

未生效合同的保护

未生效合同是指已经有效成立但尚未生效的合同,此概念源自于合同的成立与生效之区别。生效与否跟有效与否的判断不同,未生效不等于无效,生效与否的判断是时间的函数,可以将这种判断称为过程判断。本文将未生效合同分成三类:法律、行政法规规定经批准、登记等手续才生效的合同;附延缓条件、附始期的合同;当事人约定其他生效要件的合同。三类未生效合同各有其特征,民法应当基于合理性的考虑,对各类未生效合同的保护作出妥适的规定。     

法律文书写作的多媒体教学探讨

法律文书运用多媒体教学是教学方法的创新,能取得比传统教学方法更好的效果,由此要求教师实现从“专业型”转变 为“一专多能型”。但是,多媒体教学也有其局限性,只有将现代教育技术与传统教学手段结合起来,才能实现教育教学的最优化。     

三维立体显微镜在文件检验中的应用

目的通过应用先进的仪器设备,让我们从另一个角度观察文检痕迹特征,寻找到一个文件检验的新视角。方法利用三维立体显微镜,从微观的三维状态下分析文检的痕迹特征(上下位置)。结果能有效区别笔迹书写与印章的先后顺序;打印字迹和印章的先后顺序,同一支笔书写形成的交叉笔划的先后顺序;准确区别打印文书和复印文书等。结论借助三维立体显微镜,能使文件检验水平向前迈进一步。     

Color Separation in Forensic Image Processing Using Interactive Differential Evolution

Color separation is an image processing technique that has often been used in forensic applications to differentiate among variant colors and to remove unwanted image interference. This process can reveal important information such as covered text or fingerprints in forensic investigation procedures. However, several limitations prevent users from selecting the appropriate parameters pertaining to the desired and undesired colors. This study proposes the hybridization of an interactive differential evolution (IDE) and a color separation technique that no longer requires users to guess required control parameters. The IDE algorithm optimizes these parameters in an interactive manner by utilizing human visual judgment to uncover desired objects. A comprehensive experimental verification has been conducted on various sample test images, including heavily obscured texts, texts with subtle color variations, and fingerprint smudges. The advantage of IDE is apparent as it effectively optimizes the color separation parameters at a level indiscernible to the naked eyes.     

行政诉讼司法建议制度的功能衍化

行政诉讼司法建议原本是一项裁判执行措施,但随着最高人民法院司法政策的变化,其发挥的事实功能被大大扩展。实践中,行政诉讼司法建议在规范性文件修改中发挥着功能性审查的作用。从社会变迁的视角观察不难发现,维稳压力、协调和解政策与地方发展型政府的模式变迁,诱发了对于行政诉讼司法建议的制度性需求,从而迫使司法建议成为行政诉讼工具箱中的重要工具。行政诉讼司法建议制度的功能衍化,为法社会学研究提供了一个极具价值的制度样本,亦为行政诉讼法的未来发展提供了背景材料。     

Differences in Handwritings of Schizophrenia Patients and Examination of the Change after Treatment

The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between the handwritings of schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects in addition to the changes that occurred in schizophrenia patients' handwriting in response to the treatment. The test subjects were 29 schizophrenia patients and 29 healthy individuals with the same age, gender, and dominant hand. The changes in the handwritings were examined according to 14 different parameters. On the day of admittance, the percentage of extra letters was 16.7%, and after 7–10 days of hospitalization, it rose to 33.3%. The percentage of skipped words decreased from 29.2% to 16.7% after 7–10 days of hospitalization, and to 10% after 3 weeks. The letters written by schizophrenia patients are significantly larger in height and width compared to the control group. The schizophrenia patients showed a higher incidence of crossed-out letters, adding extra words, missing punctuation as well as missing words.     

试析文档一体化管理的必然趋势

随着机关事业单位部门管理体制的不断改革发展,目前很多部门内部仍在施行的文书工作与档案工作分设运行的制度暴露出许多弊端,已然跟不上时代发展的潮流.现行的文书工作与档案工作内容有关联但相互有矛盾或不统一的规范要修改,使两方面的内容协调起来,文书工作与档案工作分别管理的体制迫切需要进行制度变革和技术创新,要实行有效整合、统一管理.因此,机关事业单位实行文档一体化管理十分必要,且已成为了一种必然趋势.     

刑事司法文书叙事的详述与略述

刑事司法文书叙事的详略,是由司法文书特定的功能——法定性和主旨性决定的。刑事司法文书的特定功能,决定了每种文书的特定主旨,凡是与文书主旨有关的材料必须详细叙述,否则应简略叙述或者不叙述。而刑事司法文书叙事往往有两种倾向:一是事无巨细,对原材料盲目照搬,一是为追求形式上的所谓结构严谨,盲目苟简。这两种倾向都有损于司法文书的严肃性和规范性。因此,掌握详略述的叙事方法是提高刑事司法文书质量的关键。