其他行政规范性文件法治初论

在行政机关的抽象行政行为中,最为人们忽视然而对公民、法人和其他组织最贴近并经常影响人民的日常生活的是除行政法规和行政规章之外的其他行政规范性文件。由于种种原因,行政法学界对其甚少关注,而这导致了理论上和实践中对其他行政规范性文件的许多重要问题存在认识上的缺陷与分歧。本文对涉及其他规范性文件的涵义、与政策的关系、制定的主体及其权限、合法性审查和可诉性等重要方面进行了较深入的讨论与研究,尝试澄清谬误并构建适合于我国实际的,能促进其他规范性文件法治化的行政法律制度。     

关于女性在传统社会中地位的思考--以梅县客家妇女为例

关于中国女性在传统社会中的地位,传统的观点是:在以男性为核心男尊女卑传统社会中,妇女是不能登堂入室的。作者近来在粤东梅县进行民俗考察时,从民间收集到大量有关产权变更、书简或婚书等古文书,细读这批文书,审视女性的社会地位,可以看出,梅县妇女在传统宗族社会中具有不俗的尊长地位。其原因是多方面的,其中之一当与地方生态环境有关。     

对法律文书写作教学的几点思考

法律文书的教学必须从务实致用出发 ,以社会需要为目标 ,方可提高学生的学习积极性。为此 ,教师必须改变目前写作课教学中重理论轻实践的教学模式 ,让学生在掌握法律文书写作方式的基础上 ,进行更多的写作实践     

From mice-eaten passports to fingerprint scanning: fluctuating state presence and ‘entangled documents’ along the Kyrgyz–Uzbek border

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on engagement with identity documents among the rural Uzbek population in the borderlands of Kyrgyzstan. By exploring the materiality of the documents and people’s concern with these material artefacts of bureaucracy, this article illustrates how the state has been moving in, out and through the lives of the people living on the margins of the state. People’s engagement with documents illuminates the temporal dynamics of the state’s spatialization practices and highlights the fluctuating presence of the state. In addition, this article exposes the discrepancies between the classificatory bureaucratic order and the changing realities of everyday life. Gaps between these two domains are filled with what I refer to as entangled documents. People’s attempts to disentangle documents reveal how people on the margins of the state manage encounters with state bureaucracy and provide insight into the internal dynamics of a local bureaucracy.     

其他规范性文件的功能分析

本文通过分析、归纳其他规范性文件在行政管理、行政复议、行政诉讼中的作用指出,其他规范性文件是行政的依据,是行政复议的审理依据和审查对象,在行政诉讼中不是审理的依据,而是间接审查对象,实际上是一种证据.从逻辑和理论上理清对其他规范性文件的认识,旨在更好地发挥其在具体行政行为的作出、监督阶段的不同作用.     

论公安法律文书制作的依法性

为充分发挥公安法律文书在公安工作中的作用,公安法律文书的制作必须规范。而规 范的前提是依法制作。公安法律文书制作的依法性体现在主体、时效、内容等三个方 面。公安法律文书只有依法制作才能充分发挥其在公安工作中的工具作用。     

An examination of the sequence of intersecting lines using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectral imaging

In this study, the potential of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectral imaging as a technique to determine the sequence of line crossings was examined. The technique was successful in determining the sequence of heterogeneous line intersections produced using ballpoint pens and laser printers. By imaging at characteristic frequencies, it was possible to form spectral images showing the spatial distribution of the materials. By examining the spectral images from the inks, it was possible to determine whether the ink was above or below the toner. In blind testing, ATR-FTIR spectral imaging results were directly compared to those obtained by eight experienced forensic document examiners using methods regularly employed in casework. ATR-FTIR spectral imaging was shown to achieve a 100% success rate in the blind tests, whereas some incorrect sequence determinations were made by the forensic document examiners when using traditional techniques. The technique was unable to image ink-jet printing, gel pens, roller ball pens, and felt-tip pens, and was also unable to determine the sequence of intersecting ballpoint pen lines.     

CALIS与公安院校图书馆文献资源建设

CALIS能促进信息资源的开发利用,加速高校图书馆自动化、标准化建设进程,实现资源共享,弥补馆藏不足。当前,公安院校图书馆存在着文献购置费不足,文献入藏量下降,文献资源的数字化建设缓慢,以印刷出版物为主,非印刷出版物收藏未纳入正常轨道,专业人才缺乏等诸多问题。CALIS环境中,公安院校图书馆应全面加强文献资源建设。     

The Examination of Commercial Printing Defects to Assess Common Origin,Batch Variation,and Error Rate*

Abstract: The examination of printing defects, or imperfections, found on printed or copied documents has been recognized as a generally accepted approach for linking questioned documents to a common source. This research paper will highlight the results from two mutually exclusive studies. The first involved the examination and characterization of printing defects found in a controlled production run of 500,000 envelopes bearing text and images. It was concluded that printing defects are random occurrences and that morphological differences can be used to identify variations within the same production batch. The second part incorporated a blind study to assess the error rate of associating randomly selected envelopes from different retail locations to a known source. The examination was based on the comparison of printing defects in the security patterns found in some envelopes. The results demonstrated that it is possible to associate envelopes to a common origin with a 0% error rate.     

Identification of the Class Characteristics in the Handwriting of Polish People Writing in English

Abstract: An investigation was carried out to identify the class characteristics of Polish people writing in English and to specifically identify those characteristics that separate Polish handwriting from English handwriting. In the first stage, 40 Polish and 40 English handwriting samples were collected and systematically examined. In total, 31 features were identified that occurred in ≥25% of the Polish handwriting samples and therefore considered class characteristics. Of these, chi‐square analyses identified 21 class characteristics that occurred significantly more in Polish compared to English handwriting. Twenty‐one of the class characteristics in the Polish handwriting had similar constructions to the copybook pattern thus supporting the theory that class characteristics frequently stem from the taught writing system. In the second stage, an algorithm was developed using seventeen of the class characteristics that successfully discriminated between a further 13 Polish and 12 English handwriting samples.