Validation of LAB color mode as a nondestructive method to differentiate black ballpoint pen inks

Nondestructive digital processing methods such as lab color mode (available in Adobe Photoshop) are emerging as alternative methods for forensic document examiners to use when attempting to differentiate writing instrument inks. Although these techniques appear to be viable, little data currently exists regarding the known or potential error rates associated with these techniques. Without adequate data, the validity and reliability of these techniques, including lab color, can not be established. In an attempt to begin to address these issues, 44 black ballpoint ink pens were obtained and used to create 990 pen-pair samples for analysis using established lab color mode techniques. No erroneous findings of "different" were reported following the examination of the known pen-pair combinations in which the same pen was used to create the samples (n = 44). Of the remaining 946 samples, 737 pen-pair samples were differentiated using the lab color mode method, while 209 samples were unable to be differentiated and were recorded as either being "similar" (n = 153) or "unsure" (n = 56). Comparison of the lab color mode results with the results obtained through additional testing using traditional infrared reflectance and infrared luminescence test methods showed that lab color differentiated 102 pen-pair samples (11%; 102/946) that were not differentiated using a VSC-4C.     

书证提出命令制度的泛化适用与价值平衡——兼评新《民事证据规定》第47条

新《民事证据规定》第47条细化书证提出命令制度的适用范围，以期达到书证提出命令发现案件真实和追求实质平等的制度宗旨。但是限制性规定的缺位，以及明确将涉及国家秘密、商业秘密或者个人隐私等特定内容之书证纳入制度的调整视域，直接造成书证提出命令制度的泛化适用，侵犯公民和法律特别珍视的特定利益，引发非理性的利益冲突与价值失衡。基于此，理当在坚持书证提出命令一般性适用之前提下，规定必要的除外事由，适当限缩其适用范围，并以严格限制下的秘密审查程序为补充，查明除外事由的存在，以更妥善的制度安排寻求发现真实与特定利益冲突之间的价值平衡。     

On Chinese Media

正China Business Focus Issue No.11,2013,published Nov.5,2013Visiting the Shanghai Free Trade Area(FTA)Reporters from China Business Focus recently got to observe how the comprehensive services hall of the Shanghai FTA management committee copes with overwhelming crowds.The management committee set up the first floor for registration and certification and the second floor for information.There are 29counters on the first floor,to register company names,receive documents,or grant certification.Ropes divide     

民事裁判文书上网公开的边界问题探究——基于司法知情权与个人隐私权的冲突与平衡的考量

裁判文书公开是司法公开的核心,裁判文书上网公开又是目前裁判文书公开的重要形式。虽然裁判文书上网公开的普遍性和便捷性能满足公众对于司法知情权的需求,但不可避免在一定程度上会对相关人员的隐私权造成侵害。互联网的广泛应用为裁判文书公开提供了良好的载体,但也使得知情权与隐私权的碰撞更为激烈。通过比例原则和可分割性原则,对于涉及个人隐私的不同情况进行区别对待,并赋予当事人充分的程序保障权,以此对裁判文书上网公开中的知情权与隐私权的冲突予以平衡。     

浅谈高校教学档案的管理

教学档案是高校教学工作的历史记录,是高校档案的核心内容,它内容庞杂、形式多样,具有鲜明的特点.建立健全教学档案管理制度,强化教学档案工作,是高校档案管理工作的重要内容.     

我国区际司法协助现状及其区际调查取证问题探讨

我国区际司法协助的现状是:送达难的情况仍然存在、调查取证难更是突出、相互承认和执行对方的司法判决还须做艰苦的努力。文章着重对我国内地、港、澳三地调查取证制度作了比较,而后提出解决实施我国区际调查取证的建议和设想,包括调查取证的范围、途径、方式和适用的法律等。     

中国古代“农忙止讼”制度形成时间考述

在农务繁忙季节中止民事诉讼是我国古代社会长期实施的一项法律制度。关于该制度产生的时间,文献没有明确的记载,传统的观点认为出现于唐朝。分析现存的中、日古代文献及出土的敦煌吐鲁番文书,可以确定该项制度最早出现于唐开元二十五年的《杂令》之中。日本《养老令》中关于农忙止讼的规定借鉴了唐开元二十五年《杂令》的规定。依此推断,唐开元二十五年律疏、令应是日本《养老律》和《养老令》重要蓝本。     

The Decipherment of Latent White Board Entries

This case involves an incriminating message written on a white board and erased before the investigators seized the evidence. Investigators inquired about the possibility of recovering the entries and subsequently submitted the board to the Documents and Digital Evidence Branch for examination. In an attempt to recover latent handwritten entries, examinations were conducted utilizing the Foster and Freeman Video Spectral Comparator 6000/Hyper Spectral (VSC 6000/HS). Latent handwritten entries were observed with the use of an excitation band‐pass filter in the range of 485 nm‐610 nm with a longpass barrier filter at 645 nm in front of the camera lens of the VSC 6000/HS. Entries were also recovered and imaged using an alternate light source with the Phase One (P65) imaging system. Multiple latent handwritten entries were recovered utilizing various instruments and lighting techniques. This report discusses the details concerning the examination and the results.     

How Much Can a Forensic Laboratory Do to Discriminate Questioned Ink Entries?

Questioned document examiners are frequently required to determine whether the questioned ink entries on a document are written with the same ink, either for forged document identification or relative ink dating. How many methods are sufficient to discriminate potentially different inks? In this paper, 18 blue ballpoint inks were first nondestructively examined with a video spectral comparator. The ink entries were subsequently extracted with organic solvents for analysis of the volatile solvents and dyes by GC/MS, TLC, and LC‐MS/MS. The 18 ink samples were divided into 10, 9, 12, and 14 categories by these four methods, respectively. With the combined results, there were only two inks that remained indistinguishable, but they were further differentiated by microscopy. Therefore, to achieve effective discrimination of ballpoint ink entries, the authors suggest that a complete examination should include an analysis of their optical features, volatile solvents, and dyes as well as the ink quality.     

民事诉讼中公文书证之证据效力研究

在民事证据立法中,不仅要明确赋予公文书证在证据法上的地位,更要对公文书证的证据效力进行明确,赋予其完全的证据能力和证据力,并根据公文书证的分类构建差异化的证据力规则。在推定公文书证均具有形式证据力的基础上,原则上推定其具有实质证据力,但是针对报道性公文书证,允许其通过提供相反证据予以推翻,处分性书证则不允许。最终通过对当事人对公文书证异议程序和相应救济手段的构建来规范和引领公文书证在司法实践中的科学合理适用。