对涉外定牌加工行为的再思考--以知识产权海关保护执法实践为视角

近年来，涉外定牌加工是否构成侵权，在司法界、理论界一直争论不休，相关案例的判决结果也各不相同，不仅给行政执法领域的执法者带来诸多困惑，也给承揽加工企业、境内外商标注册人带来诸多困扰。关于涉外定牌加工行为是否构成侵权，先前已有诸多学者、专家撰文阐述，现从海关执法实践出发，通过梳理近年来海关查获的涉外定牌加工案例及相关案例法院判决情况，进行利弊分析，对如何优化涉外定牌加工行为侵权与否的认定程序和标准展开讨论；提出应以我国商标权地域性作为认定涉外定牌加工是否构成侵权的主要原则，同时将违反诚实信用原则的情形予以例外处置，并引入反担保放行、简易程序等进一步优化对涉外定牌加工案件的处理程序，以期进一步平衡双方当事人权利义务，积极推进建立公平、有序、健康的市场经济秩序。     

On the Media Effects of Immigration and Refugee Board Hearings via Videoconference

Canada's Immigration and Refugee Board conducts some of itsrefugee hearings via videoconferencing. As part of a reviewof the fairness of this practice, a theoretical approach andreview of the empirical literature was commissioned. Particularlyunder ‘high stakes’ conditions, it was found thatvideoconferencing reduces mutual trust and understanding, exacerbatescultural differences in non-verbal communication, and increasesthe propensity to lie while decreasing the ability to detectfalsehoods. Further, the inherent power imbalance between thetribunal and the claimant is widened as the tribunal membersbecome acclimatized to the technology. In general, the differencein sensory perception of a mediating technology creates cognitivedifferences between mediated and non-mediated environments.Further, sensory perception that feeds narrative constructionvaries by culture. The process of conveying and understandingmeaning across cultures is sufficiently difficult; adding thecomplexity of videoconference mediation introduces the possibilityof inconsistency, inaccuracy, and altered judgement.     

Frontier Justice: Legal Aid and UNHCR Refugee Status Determination in Egypt

Where UNHCR conducts refugee status determination (RSD), itsreactions to legal aid for asylum-seekers have been mixed. Statisticalevidence collected from Egypt in 2002 indicates a correlationbetween receiving some form of legal aid service and an asylum-seeker'sincreased chances of gaining refugee protection from UNHCR.Unconventional forms of legal aid, including limited servicesby supervised non-lawyers (including volunteers from the refugeecommunity) showed a positive impact on first instance cases,while traditional legal aid models showed an impact at the appealstage. Legal aid should form an essential part of UNHCR's RSDprocedures, and NGOs should work to expand both traditionaland innovative forms of legal aid for asylum-seekers.     

Test of an alternative method for determining sex from the os coxae: applications for modern Americans

A recently proposed method for determining sex from the os coxae reports a 98% success rate using European collections. The purposes of the present study are to (1) evaluate the success rate of this proposed method using modern American os coxae from different population subgroups; (2) compare the success rate of the new method with that obtained using traditional techniques; and (3) determine replicability of the new method and interobserver error. Eight hundred and seventy-six adult left os coxae were independently evaluated by both authors. Summary statistics for sex classifications were calculated for the total sample and for a random sample of 400 individuals. The impact of sex and ancestry on the success of each method was calculated on the random sample using Pearson's chi2 values. Results demonstrate that for modern American os coxae, neither sex nor race have a significant impact on the success rate for either the new or traditional methods (p < 0.01). Additionally, the success rate of the new method is comparable with that obtained using traditional techniques. Finally, interobserver error using the new method for overall sex determination is low.     

Metacarpal sexual determination in a Spanish population

Anthropologists and forensic pathologist determine the sex of skeletons by analyzing quantitative and qualitative characters in the bone remains. Generally, the skull and os coxae are the elements most used, but they are not always preserved. In such cases, the investigator needs to have available other techniques based on different remains. The aim of the present work is to develop and describe discriminating functions for sex determination in a recent Spanish population using metacarpal morphology. A sample of bones corresponding to a contemporary Spanish population deposited at the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) was analyzed. This sample comprised 697 metacarpals, corresponding to 79 adult individuals (37 men and 42 women). These allowed us to obtain 120 unifactorial discriminant functions. We selected the 10 equations, one for each metacarpal from both hands, that provided the best sexual discrimination. The correct sex classification rank progressed from 81%, for right (R) metacarpals IV and V, to 91%, for left (L) metacarpal II. The results suggest that metacarpals are structures that can be used for sex determination in paleoanthropological and forensic identifications.     

Race and Jurors' Receptivity to Mitigation in Capital Cases: The Effect of Jurors', Defendants', and Victims' Race in Combination

This paper examines the variation in receptivity to mitigation evidence by capital jurors as it varies by the race of the juror, defendant, and victim individually and in combination. Attitudinal and racial characteristics from 865 respondents in the Capital Jury Project were used in the analysis. Using a generalized form of multiple regression, the respondent's receptivity to mitigation evidence was predicted and changes in receptivity were calculated as the race of the main trial participants (juror, defendant, and victim) were varied. Statistical controls were put in place for gender of respondent; respondent's perception of the dangerousness of the defendant, heinousness of the crime, and view of the defense attorney; respondent's formation of a premature sentencing decision; and whether the trial took place in a southern state jurisdiction. Results indicate that Black jurors in cases where a Black is charged with killing a White victim are chiefly responsible for the observed variance in receptivity to mitigation.     

复方守宫散中铅、镉、铜含量分析

目的：测定抗肿瘤药物复方守宫散中微量金属元素铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）的含量.方法：采用湿法消化,火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定.结果：复方守宫散中含金属元素Pb、Cd、Cu,含量高低依次为：Pb〉Cu〉Cd.结论：复方守宫散每日服用量中Pb、Cd、Cu含量均远低于人体正常摄入量,属安全用药范围.     

发展贵州毛南族地区的基础教育应处理好几对关系

在贵州毛南族地区基础教育的发展过程中,要注意协调好基础教育跨越式发展与和谐发展的关系,应辨证地看待新课程改革中的成效与问题的关系,要从整体上把握好毛南族基础教育与其它教育和社会的关系,必须解决好基础教育的普及性与适应性的关系,并定位好教学与科研的关系。     

“三个代表”重要思想与中国特色社会主义的根本走向

"三个代表"重要思想是对马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论的继承和发展.在新的历史时期,中国共产党人在坚持和平与发展是时代的主题这一判断的前提下,准确地把握了经济全球化这一当今时代发展的主流,重申了人民群众是历史的创造者这一历史唯物主义基本原理,全面而准确地提出了建设社会主义物质文明、政治文明和精神文明的目标,为中国特色社会主义的发展指明了前进方向和前进坐标.     

根据中国汉族女性甲状软骨推算年龄的研究

目的 根据中国汉族女性甲状软骨推算年龄。方法 对69例已知年龄的中国汉族女性甲状软骨进行软X线摄片和(或)普通X线摄片,从甲状软骨的摄片上选择5个与年龄变化关系较为密切的观察部位,每个部位又划分成3至6个等级,然后采用多元线性回归分析法,建立其推算年龄的数学模型。结果运用该方法推算女性甲状软骨年龄,其标准差为1.969,复相关系数为0.984。结论 本方法适用于中国汉族女性甲状软骨年龄推算,其有效年龄范围为18～60岁。