The structure of foreign policy attitudes in transatlantic perspective: Comparing the United States,United Kingdom,France and Germany

While public opinion about foreign policy has been studied extensively in the United States, there is less systematic research of foreign policy opinions in other countries. Given that public opinion about international affairs affects who gets elected in democracies and then constrains the foreign policies available to leaders once elected, both comparative politics and international relations scholarship benefit from more systematic investigation of foreign policy attitudes outside the United States. Using new data, this article presents a common set of core constructs structuring both American and European attitudes about foreign policy. Surveys conducted in four countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany) provide an expanded set of foreign policy‐related survey items that are analysed using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Measurement equivalence is specifically tested and a common four‐factor structure that fits the data in all four countries is found. Consequently, valid, direct comparisons of the foreign policy preferences of four world powers are made. In the process, the four‐factor model confirms and expands previous work on the structure of foreign policy attitudes. The article also demonstrates the capability of ESEM in testing the dimensionality and cross‐national equivalence of social science concepts.     

INTERORGANIZATIONAL UTILITY OF WELFARE STIGMA IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM*

The appropriation of “welfare stigma” or stereotypes about poor people's overreliance and abuse of public aid in two core criminal justice functions is examined: felony adjudication in a court system and space allocation in a jail. Through a comparative ethnographic study in which an abductive analysis of data (20 months of fieldwork) was used, we show that criminal justice gatekeepers utilize welfare stigma to create stricter eligibility criteria for due process in criminal courts and occupancy in jails. Specifically, the number of court appearances, motions, trials, jail beds, food, showers, and medical services is considered by professionals to be the benefits that individuals seek to access and abuse. Professionals view their role as preventing (rather than granting) access to these resources. The comparative nature of our data reveals that welfare stigma has interorganizational utility by serving two different organizational goals: It streamlines convictions in courts, which pulls defendants through adjudication, and conversely, it expands early release from jails, which pulls inmates out of the custody population. In the context of diminishing social safety nets, our findings have implications for understanding how discretion is exercised in an American criminal justice system increasingly tasked with the distribution of social services to the urban poor.     

当代大学生道德认知状况研究报告

本文运用问卷调查与统计分析方法探讨了当代大学生各个层面的道德认知问题。研究结果表明：对跨世纪的这一代大学生急需加强人文主义教育,而尤以对工科大学生的人文素质教育意义更加重要;大学生中,女生的道德认识水平普遍高于男生;父母的文化程度与大学生的道德素质有明显的正相关;市场经济对大学生道德认知的消极意义与积极意义并存,其消极影响有扩大和蔓延倾向;父母的职业对大学认知的消极意义与积极意义并存,其消极影响有扩大和蔓延倾向;父母的职业对大学生道德认知水平的影响没有显著差异;从总体上看,大学生道德认知的发展城乡差异不显著,这与改革开放以来,我国农村加速城市化进程有关,也与农村大学生适应城市化生活有关。     

法医物证学miRNA分析的研究进展

在种属和体液鉴定及降解检材等特殊案件的分析时,转录水平的miRNA所具有的生物属性及表达特点,使其能够发挥基因组DNA所不具备的价值。本文通过概述法医物证学miRNA研究的现状,对法医miRNA分析的研究策略和法医物证学应用前景进行了综述,以期为法医miRNA分析的应用研究提供借鉴。     

An Appraisal of Decomposition Cases Received at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Service Medico‐legal Mortuary During 2010–2011

Decomposed bodies pose many questions for researchers regarding environmental effects, cause of death, and patterns. This study aimed to observe the factors associated with decomposed bodies autopsied at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Service Medico‐legal Mortuary. A total of 4876 autopsies were conducted from 2010 to 2011, of which 109 were decomposed. Black individuals made up the largest proportion (67%) followed by White (26%). Males comprised 86.2%, while 12.8% were female. The mean age was 42.78 years. Most cases were in the early stages of decomposition (49.5%), with 32.1% bloated, 11.9% in active decay, 2.8% in advanced decay, and 3.7% were skeletal. Insect activity was identified in 25.7% of decomposition cases. Cause of death was determined in 48.6% of cases. Of all the cases, 64% were found indoors and 23% outdoors, while 23% had insufficient information regarding the location. Of considerable interest was the number of cases from hospitals and clinics.     

犯罪对象概念的批判性考察

我国刑法理论中的犯罪对象概念面临着很多理论困境,这些困境产生的根源在于犯罪对象在犯罪构成中的体系性位置及功能产生了错位。在传统理论中,犯罪对象同时作为犯罪客体的物质承担者和犯罪行为所直接指向、作用的对象而存在。实际上,这两种功能的承担者在某些情况下是分离的。我们应彻底抛弃犯罪对象的概念,以行为对象和社会关系的物质承担者,来分别承担犯罪对象原有的两种功能。     

韩国青少年研究机构现状初探

韩国青少年领域的研究机构包括政府出资的韩国青少年开发院、大学青少年相关院系及民间青少年研究机构等,这些机构均十分活跃地开展着有关青少年的学术研究和学术交流活动。韩国青少年开发院,作为韩国青少年研究方面的权威机构,在韩国政府制定青少年政策和青少年工作中发挥着重要作用,为青少年自主性生活质量的提高做出了贡献。     

以统一战线理论创新推动统一战线工作创新

中央统战部、中国统一战线理论研究会适应新世纪新形势的要求,坚持以科学的理论为指导,坚持走开放式、社会化、多层次的研究道路,建立了一套系统有效的理论研究机制,推动统一战线重大理论和实践问题的研究取得了丰硕成果,为中央制定有关方针政策提供了重要参考,也推动了统一战线工作的创新和发展。     

党员干部要养成调查研究的习惯

加强党的执政能力建设是新时期党的建设新的伟大工程的紧迫任务。党的干部队伍的执政能力在一定意义上表现为调查研究的能力和素质,因为只有通过调查研究才能把理论与实践创造性地结合起来,才能掌握实情,发现规律,解决问题。养成调查研究的习惯是时代的需要,是干部队伍党性锻炼的源泉和基本功,调查研究工作做好了,落实科学发展观、建设和谐社会就有了保证。     

公安院校《道路交通控制》课程的内容设置研究

《道路交通控制》课程已被列为公安院校本科交通管理专业培养方案专业课程。公安院校的交通管理专业培养的是实用型人才,其《道路交通控制》课程应与普通院校交通工程专业课程有所不同。只有紧密联系公安交通管理业务实际需求,才能让学生学有所用、学以致用。