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201.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2019,7(1):50-52
Since the beginning of our work in 2003 our laboratory has focused exclusively on STR DNA from bone, a powerful tool in missing person cases. In cases such as mass disasters or missing persons, human remains are challenging to identify as they may be fragmented, burnt, recovered from water, degraded, and/or contain inhibitory substances. To address these challenges, this study has evaluated the performance of relatively new STR kits Investigator® 24plex QS kit (Qiagen) and GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) by comparing it with current uses of the AmpFLSTR® Identifiler® Plus kit (Applied Biosystems) to obtain genetic information from skeletal remains. We analyzed 20 bone samples of skeletal remains from routine casework submitted for body identifications by law enforcement corresponding using Investigator® 24plex QS kit and GlobalFiler™ PCR Amplification kit, previously analysed AmpFLSTR® Identifiler® Plus kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The data indicates that the STR profiles obtained using the GlobalFiler™ and Investigator® 24plex QS kit for analysis of skeletal remains has shown results in an increased number of reportable genetic loci, and provide greater power of discrimination in comparison to the Identifiler® Plus Kit. Advanced extraction and purification techniques, together with more sensitive and robust new amplification kits allowed us to overcome the challenges associated with processing compromised skeletal remains and ultimately obtain full STR DNA profiles in 99% of the bones. 相似文献
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Analyzing and Interpreting Lime Burials from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): A Case Study from La Carcavilla Cemetery 下载免费PDF全文
Eline M. J. Schotsmans Ph.D. Almudena García‐Rubio M.Sc. Howell G. M. Edwards Ph.D. Tasnim Munshi Ph.D. Andrew S. Wilson Ph.D. Luis Ríos Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(2):498-510
Over 500 victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) were buried in the cemetery of La Carcavilla (Palencia, Spain). White material, observed in several burials, was analyzed with Raman spectroscopy and powder XRD, and confirmed to be lime. Archaeological findings at La Carcavilla's cemetery show that the application of lime was used in an organized way, mostly associated with coffinless interments of victims of Francoist repression. In burials with a lime cast, observations made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the presence of soft tissue at the moment of deposition, the sequence of events, and the presence of clothing and other evidence. This study illustrates the importance of analyzing a burial within the depositional environment and taphonomic context. 相似文献
205.
Undocumented Border Crosser Deaths in Arizona: Expanding Intrastate Collaborative Efforts in Identification 下载免费PDF全文
Julie M. Fleischman M.S. Ashley E. Kendell Ph.D. Christen C. Eggers M.S. Laura C. Fulginiti Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2017,62(4):840-849
Undocumented Border Crosser (UBC) deaths in Arizona are a major issue faced by medicolegal authorities. Currently, the Maricopa County Office of the Medical Examiner (MCOME) is in possession of over two hundred unidentified individuals, more than half of whom are presumed to be UBCs. The primary goal of this study was to address the growing number of UBC deaths in Maricopa County in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of this important anthropological issue within the state of Arizona. Of the 107 total UBC cases evaluated for the study, the majority were male and age estimates for all individuals were between 15 to 60 years old. Modeled after the recording system established by the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner, the biographic and geographic data for these cases were entered into a new UBC database at MCOME and later added to the online Map of Migrant Mortality. 相似文献
206.
Identification of Mobile Phone and Analysis of Original Version of Videos through a Delay Time Analysis of Sound Signals from Mobile Phone Videos 下载免费PDF全文
This study designs a method of identifying the camera model used to take videos that are distributed through mobile phones and determines the original version of the mobile phone video for use as legal evidence. For this analysis, an experiment was conducted to find the unique characteristics of each mobile phone. The videos recorded by mobile phones were analyzed to establish the delay time of sound signals, and the differences between the delay times of sound signals for different mobile phones were traced by classifying their characteristics. Furthermore, the sound input signals for mobile phone videos used as legal evidence were analyzed to ascertain whether they have the unique characteristics of the original version. The objective of this study was to find a method for validating the use of mobile phone videos as legal evidence using mobile phones through differences in the delay times of sound input signals. 相似文献
207.
Helen M. Paterson Daniella Luppino Clare Calderwood Hamish G. MacDougall Jessica Taubert Richard I. Kemp 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2017,23(10):927-945
Evidence suggests that individuals rely on external features such as hair and face shape when processing and recognising unfamiliar faces. This is problematic in a forensic setting because hairstyle can be changed easily. In two studies we examined whether training individuals to focus more on the stable, internal features of the face (e.g. eyes, nose and mouth) and hence less on the changeable external features would improve identification accuracy. In Study 1, participants were instructed to focus on: (1) internal features, (2) external features, or (3) both internal and external features. Participants’ eye movements were monitored while they studied target faces, which they later tried to identify from an array that included the target with a changed appearance. In Study 2, participants were instructed to focus on: (1) internal features, (2) external features, or (3) given no instructions. Participants were required to identify target faces from line-ups, where they were presented either unchanged or with an altered hairstyle. Results suggested that training individuals to attend to internal features of unfamiliar faces may improve identification accuracy in the common situation where external features have changed between presentation and identification. However, internal feature focus may decrease identification accuracy when external features are unchanged. 相似文献
208.
Identifying the source camera of images is becoming increasingly important nowadays. A popular approach is to use a type of pattern noise called photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU). The noise of image contains the patterns which can be used as a fingerprint. Despite that, the PRNU-based approach is sensitive towards scene content and image intensity. The identification is poor in areas having low or saturated intensity, or in areas with complicated texture. The reliability of different regions is difficult to model in that it depends on the interaction of scene content and the characteristics of the denoising filter used to extract the noise. In this paper, we showed that the local variance of the noise residual can measure the reliability of the pixel for PRNU-based source camera identification. Hence, we proposed to use local variance to characterize the severeness of the scene content artifacts. The local variance is then incorporated to the general matched filter and peak to correlation energy (PCE) detector to provide an optimal framework for signal detection. The proposed method is tested against several state-of-art methods. The experimental results show that the local variance based approach outperformed other state-of-the-art methods in terms of identification accuracy. 相似文献
209.
商事登记制度的立法完善 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在我国市场经济发展的现阶段,法典意义上的"民商分立"既无可能,亦无必要。由于我国缺乏商法的传统,在商法明显的国际化与统一化的趋向下,制定《商事通则》亦是困难重重。在我国商事立法进程中,当务之急是制定一部统一的《商事登记法》。商事登记法作为商事立法的重要组成部分,体现着商法营利性的核心理念,应当以效率与安全作为立法的基本价值取向。同时在立法中应注意一些具体问题,如商事主体的确认,注册登记与营业登记的分离以及商事登记机关责任的强化等。 相似文献
210.
利用原核表达的马流感病毒(EIV)核蛋白(NP)为免疫原,经腹腔接种4周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经4次有限稀释法克隆和间接ELISA法筛选,获得了3株稳定分泌单抗的杂交瘤细胞株2G11、3E10和4A1,并对它们进行了亚类鉴定、间接ELISA检测和特性鉴定。结果显示,单抗2G11为IgG1亚型,3E10为IgG2a亚型,4A1为IgM亚型,轻链均为κ链。单抗2G11、3E10和4A1的细胞上清液及腹水效价分别为1∶640、1∶640、1∶320和1∶409 600、1∶204 800、0。这3株单抗均能特异性识别EIV NP重组蛋白,并且能够与天然EIV结合;获得的3株单抗与马动脉炎病毒、马疱疹病毒1型、马疱疹病毒4型、马乙型脑炎病毒均不发生交叉反应。亲和力试验结果显示,单抗2G11和3E10与EIV的亲和力常数分别为4.39×106 M-1和2.20×106 M-1。 相似文献