人体损伤程度鉴定的演绎推理模式

人体损伤程度鉴定从属于法医临床学,是源于司法实践的需要,从医学发展而来的一门技术,具有很强的实践性和社会性,其主要功能是为诉讼,特别是为刑事诉讼提供鉴定结论。法律制度层面的设计,从抽象的标准出发,评价诉讼中的具体损伤,决定了其常见的论证模式是演绎推理。     

文件上可见指印鉴定标准制定的探讨

文件上可见指印鉴定标准编制的目的在于规范文件上可见指印的鉴定活动。在总结回顾我国指纹鉴定标准化现状的基础上,结合司法鉴定中指印鉴定的实践,对文件上可见指印鉴定工作中需要标准化的主要内容进行了梳理和较为详细的探讨,旨在为文件上可见指印鉴定标准拟定切实可行的准则提供帮助。     

法医病理司法鉴定纠纷产生的原因及其防范

法医病理司法鉴定在刑事案件、民事纠纷、保险理赔等方面发挥着重要的作用。通过鉴定工作实践,总结出法医病理司法鉴定纠纷产生的各种原因,结合中华人民共和国司法部第107号令《司法鉴定程序通则》第17条规定,在进行司法鉴定前必须签署司法鉴定协议书的实施情况,同时借鉴医疗活动中知情同意的做法,针对性地提出预防法医病理司法鉴定纠纷的对策。     

论面向事故处理的道路交通事故鉴定体系的构建

针对《道路交通安全法》的规定和交通事故处理的需求,结合实际交通事故鉴定经验,应用系统科学理论构建了面向事故处理的道路交通事故鉴定体系,明确了交通事故鉴定的目的和作用,将涉及交通事故的跨学科、跨专业的各类专门性技术鉴定有机统一在交通事故鉴定体系中。     

论检察机关设置专家辅助人制度

司法鉴定制度是我国司法制度的重要组成部分,长期以来,我国刑事司法鉴定领域存在着种种弊端,不仅影响了司法鉴定的公信力,还损害了国家法律的正确统一实施,这与检察机关的监督缺位有着密切的关系。因此在完善司法鉴定制度本身的同时,应该通过建立检察机关专家辅助人制度来加强对刑事司法鉴定的监督。探讨在我国设立检察机关专家辅助人制度具有重要意义。     

白血病死亡的法医学鉴定

材料和方法回顾性研究我所2003～2005年间检案实践中4例白血病死亡的法医学鉴定案件。结果4例死者生前均无明显的血液病症状,其中1例死亡前经临床确诊为急性颗粒增多型早幼粒细胞性白血病（M3）,另外3例均无血液病相应的临床资料。尸体解剖主要所见：（1）多器官（尤其是脑）白血病细胞浸润;（2）肝、脾肿大;（3）凝血功能障碍引起的出血倾向,如：皮肤紫癜、创口渗血或迁延不愈等;（4）可排除暴力死亡。结论白血病细胞脑浸润引起的脑内血肿和血液病的并发症弥漫性血管内凝血（DIC）是导致死亡的常见原因;在白血病患者突发死亡的案例中,死者生前往往缺乏典型的血液病症状,或仅有轻微的症状未引起注意;此类案件的法医学鉴定应注意收集临床资料,必须进行系统的尸体解剖检验,在有检验条件的情况下应进行骨髓细胞学病理检验。     

行政公益诉讼的范畴研究

行政公益诉讼近年来引起了我国理论界和法治实践的广泛关注,学者们从不同角度进行了探讨。然而,行政公益诉讼的诸多重大问题还是没有得到解决,尤其行政公益诉讼法律制度究竟应当容纳哪些案件、容纳哪些公益范畴,这一问题恰恰是行政公益诉讼中最为实质性的问题,它决定着行政公益诉讼的基本社会价值。正因如此,从行政公益诉讼范畴的确定标准、法律形式、类型等方面对该问题进行较为系统的分析十分必要。行政公益诉讼应当包括人身权益、财产权益、环境权益、发展权益诸范畴;这些范畴可通过行政诉讼法列举、公诉机关认定、审判机关判定、共同诉讼诉求、集团诉讼主张等法律形式予以规定和认可。     

Integration of the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit with SRY-specific primers for gender identification

Dropout of the amelogenin Y-specific allele due to an interstitial deletion of the Yp involving the amelogenin Y locus (AMELY) can cause misidentification of sex genotype with potentially serious consequences in personal identification processes and criminal investigations. Inclusion of additional sex-defining markers in forensic DNA typing kits is therefore advisable. In this study, the co-amplification of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene and 16 STR loci included in the AmpFlSTR Identifiler PCR Amplification Kit was evaluated. Combination of SRY and Identifiler primers did not compromise the amplification outcome and generated a 90 bp male-specific SRY fragment, showing a reproducible peak height ratio in comparison with the AMELY peak. The SRY peak was detectable in presence of amounts of template DNA as low as 125 pg, and in mixed samples with a male/female DNA ratio of 1:100.     

Sequences of the Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene are Suitable for Species Identification of Korean Calliphorinae Flies of Forensic Importance (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Abstract:  Calliphorinae fly species are important indicators of the postmortem interval especially during early spring and late fall in Korea. Although nucleotide sequences of various Calliphorinae fly species are available, there has been no research on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequences of Korean Calliphorinae flies. Here, we report the full-length sequences of the COI gene of four Calliphorinae fly species collected in Korea (five individuals of Calliphora vicina , five Calliphora lata , four Triceratopyga calliphoroides and three Aldrichina grahami ). Each COI gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and directly sequenced and the resulting nucleotide sequences were aligned and analyzed by MEGA4 software. The results indicate that COI nucleotide sequences can be used to distinguish between these four species. Our phylogenetic result coincides with recent taxonomic views on the subfamily Calliphorinae in that the genera Aldrichina and Triceratopyga are nested within the genus Calliphora .     

Evaluation of the Reliability of DNA Typing in the Process of Identification of War Victims in Croatia

Abstract:  Aiming to estimate the frequency of various types of errors that can occur in the large-scale process of identification, we identified and compared genotypes of 911 parent–child pairs in the database of 3498 relatives of people that disappeared during the 1991/1992 war in Croatia. Genotypes of 891 pairs (97.8%) were matching, while 20 pairs did not match in one or more loci. Reanalysis of these samples revealed that out of 1822 analyzed genotypes, one genotype was completely wrong, and two genotypes had one wrong allele because of human errors. Five genotypes had a single wrong allele due to either polymerase chain reaction or electrophoresis errors. In five genotypes mutations were the cause of mismatch. Genetic inconsistencies with parentage were found in four "fathers" (4.2%) and three "mothers" (0.36%). As the majority of observed single-locus errors were caused by nonhuman errors, all databases produced with similar technology would probably have comparable level of errors.