Raman Spectroscopy as a Simple,Rapid, Nondestructive Screening Test for Methamphetamine in Clandestine Laboratory Liquids

Raman spectroscopy has found increased use in the forensic controlled substances laboratory in recent years due to its rapid and nondestructive analysis capabilities. Here, Raman spectroscopy as a screening test for methamphetamine in clandestine laboratory liquid samples is discussed as a way to improve the efficiency of a laboratory by identifying the most probative samples for further workup among multiple samples submitted for analysis. Solutions of methamphetamine in ethanol, diethyl ether, and Coleman fuel were prepared in concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 10% w/v, and Raman spectra of each were collected. A concentration‐dependant Raman peak was observed at 1003 per cm in each solution in 4% w/v and greater solutions. Case samples were analyzed and also found to reliably contain this diagnostic peak when methamphetamine was present. The use of this diagnostic indicator can save the forensic controlled substances laboratory time and materials when analyzing clandestine laboratory liquid submissions.     

‘I'm still a hustler’: entrepreneurial responses to precarity by participants in phase I clinical trials

Abstract

This paper questions the implications of entrepreneurial responses to conditions of employment precarity by ‘healthy volunteers’ in phase I clinical trials in the United States. Such individuals are typically serial participants who often identify as professional volunteers and seek out drug studies as their primary source of income. Drawing on extensive qualitative research, this paper illustrates how healthy volunteers selectively import the identity of ‘hustler’ from the street environment and reposition it as connoting a set of valuable creative skills that give them a competitive edge over other participants. An entrepreneurial ethos allows them to view personal sacrifice and exposure to potentially dangerous drugs as smart investments leading to financially stable futures. These discursive moves normalize extractive, and at times dehumanizing, labour relations that offload expenses and risks to workers.     

行政诉讼类型化研究——以漳州市行政审判为例

行政诉讼类型化理论和制度体系是推动我国行政法治进程的重要一环,然而我国现有法律对行政诉讼类型并未作明确的规定。从现实审判需要的角度出发,针对违反法定程序的撤销诉讼判决种类过于简单、客观诉讼和规范审查诉讼标准尚无体现、诉讼类型与判决种类尚未衔接等问题,可在借鉴域外经验的基础上,完善行政诉讼类型且主张法院只能针对特定的行政诉讼类型作出特定的判决种类,以构建我国行政诉讼类型化体系。     

Long‐Run Labor Market Effects of the Job Corps Program: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Experiment

Job Corps is the nation's largest and most comprehensive career technical training and education program for at‐risk youth ages 16 to 24. Using the sample from a large‐scale experiment of the program from the mid‐1990s, this article uses tax data through 2015 (20 years later) to examine long‐term labor market impacts. The study finds some long‐term beneficial effects for the older students, with employment gains of 4 percentage points, 40 percent reductions in disability benefit receipt, and 10 percent increases in tax filing rates in 2015. For these students, program benefits exceeded program costs from the social perspective. This study is the first to establish that a national program for disconnected youth can produce long‐term labor market gains, and can be a positive investment made for society. The results suggest that intensive, comprehensive services that focus on developing both cognitive and noncognitive skills are important for improving labor market prospects for this population.     

体检人群肝脂肪病变者中医脉象信号的递归定量识别与分析

目的 运用研究非线性动力学的递归定量分析（recurrence quantification analysis,RQA）方法对体检人群肝脂肪病变者的脉象信号进行分析,探讨脉象信号非线性动力学特征对肝脂肪病变的识别价值。方法 运用ZY-I型脉诊仪采集体检人群的脉象信号,根据腹部超声报告将体检人群分为肝脂肪病变组和非肝脂肪病变组;提取体检人群脉象信号RQA特征,并运用非参数检验分析两组人群脉象信号的RQA特征差异;基于脉象信号RQA特征,运用随机森林算机器学习方法建立体检人群肝脂肪病的识别模型,并通过评价准则包括准确率、精确率、召回率、F1值、受试者工作特征曲线（receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC）及曲线下面积（area under the curve of ROC,AUC）评估模型识别性能。结果 肝脂肪病变组脉象信号RQA特征RR、DET、L、ENTR、LAM、TT、Vmax均高于非肝脂肪病变组（P＜0.05）;基于脉象信号RQA特征建立的体检人群肝脂肪病变识别模型,其准确率为80.34％、精确率为82.166％、召回率为86.000％、F1值为84.039％、AUC为86.774％。结论 与非肝脂肪病变组相比,肝脂肪病变组的脉象信号系统表现出更高的规律性、确定性、稳定性,基于RQA特征建立的体检人群肝脂肪病变识别模型能较好地区分肝脂肪病变组与非病变组的脉象信号,可为肝脂肪病变的早期预警及辅助诊断提供一定的临床参考。     

National-Level Family Policies and workers’ Access to Schedule Control in a European Comparative Perspective: Crowding Out or In,and for Whom?

Abstract

This paper examines national-level family policies in a comparative perspective, to see whether they “crowd out” company-level family-friendly policies, namely schedule control. Further, it examines whether this relationship varies for different types of family policies, and for different groups of workers – i.e. distinguished by gender, parenthood status and skill divisions. The paper uses data from 27 European countries in 2010, and applies multilevel random slopes models with cross-level interaction terms. Results show that generous national-level family policies, in particular work-facilitating policies, “crowd in” company-level schedule control provisions, especially for high-skilled workers. However, very generous leave entitlements seem to crowd out schedule control provision.     

传染性腔上囊病病毒VP3蛋白模拟表位的筛选

为了研究传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)的致病机理及研制有效的IBDV疫苗,利用噬菌体展示技术对IBDV VP3抗原表位进行了筛选。以4株IBDV VP3单克隆抗体HRB-3F、HRB-7B、HRB-7C和HRB-10E作为筛选分子,对噬菌体随机15肽库进行3轮吸附-洗脱-扩增淘洗,从每株单克隆抗体筛选到的噬菌斑中随机挑取20个单克隆噬菌斑,通过间接ELISA和竞争抑制ELISA检测,共选出13个单克隆噬菌斑,经噬菌体gⅢ部分基因的核苷酸序列测定,确定了8个15肽为IBDV抗原表位。这8个15肽在一级结构上没有3个以上连续氨基酸与IBDV Gx(Gen-Bank登录号:AY444873)VP3的氨基酸序列相同,但二级结构上均以β折叠为主,并且与单抗的结合可被VP3蛋白有效地抑制。证实,筛选的是IBDV VP3的模拟表位。     

Artificial Intelligence and Technology in Teaching Negotiation

Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), affective computing, and big‐data techniques are improving the ways that humans negotiate and learn to negotiate. These technologies, long deployed in industry and academic research, are now being adopted for educational use. We describe several systems that help human negotiators evaluate and learn from role‐play simulations as well as applications that help human instructors teach negotiators at the individual, team, and organizational levels. AI can enable the personalization of negotiation instruction, taking into consideration factors such as culture and bias. These tools will enable improvements not only in the teaching of negotiation, but also in teaching humans how to program and collaborate with technology‐based negotiation systems, including avatars and computer‐controlled negotiation agents. These advances will provide theoretical and practical insights, require serious consideration of ethical issues, and revolutionize the way we practice and teach negotiation.     

远程审判的程序正当性考察——以交往行为理论为视角

目前来看,远程审判具有实践上的正当性,而欠缺历史的正当性,在形式正当性上也不完备。我们考察远程审判的正当性时,应超越形式的正当性标准,而深入到实质正当性的层面。在实质正当性的层面,又要超越实践正当性与历史正当性的分歧,而在纯粹正当性层面来进行分析。由于诉讼在本质上乃是法律世界的主体化解异议的交往行为,因此我们应从交往行为所依赖的理想言谈情境出发,来分析远程审判的程序正当性问题。理想言谈情境要求主体的言语行为符合四个有效性要件,根据这四个有效性要件,我们可以建立诉讼程序的纯粹正当性标准。以此标准进行衡量,远程审判在程序上大体符合纯粹正当性的要求,但是也有个别具体障碍需要消除。