痕迹检验实验教学现状与对策

痕迹检验课是根据公安实战需要而为刑事侦查专业和刑事科学技术专业等开设的公安业务主干课程,其显著特点是实践性强.文章通过调查研究,对我国各公安院校痕迹检验课实验教学的现状进行了剖析,并从实验教学内容设计、实验教学的教学形式及组织实施等方面,提出了解决问题的对策.     

Come hell or high water: An investigation of the effects of a natural disaster on a local election

How is electoral support for incumbent candidates shaped by natural disasters? Do voters in districts newly recovering from a national disaster punish or reward incumbents for their response to the disaster when compared to their counterparts in unaffected districts? The City of Calgary is used here as a case study. On 20 June 2013, the Bow and Elbow rivers flooded in the Calgary, devastating 26 neighborhoods and displacing approximately 75,000 people, or 7 per cent of the city's population. Four months later, a municipal election was held. When analyzed as a natural experiment, results suggest that support for the incumbent mayor increased city-wide between the 2010 and the 2013 elections, but at a lower rate in areas that experienced residential flooding. However, the flood did not produce equivalent treatment and control groups, as flooded areas differ systematically from areas that were not flooded in ways key to the election outcome. When analyzed more conservatively, results show that the flood had no effect on incumbent support or voter turnout. Thus, this disaster introduces a note of caution into the literature examining the effects of natural disasters on electoral behavior.     

Ballot position and election results: Evidence from a natural experiment

Candidates listed first on the ballot paper regularly receive more votes than other candidates, but what role does ballot layout play in this connection? Experimental studies from first-past-the-post systems show that the ballot position effect is causal as the order of names functions as a cue to voters. Does this also hold for PR systems where voters may vote for a party instead of a specific candidate? We identify a natural experiment in Danish local and regional elections involving more than 10,000 candidates on 103 different ballot papers using ballot layout to study ballot position effects. We find indeed, the ballot position/layout has a causal effect on election results in PR systems. Our findings indicate that the empirical domain of ballot position and layout effects is much wider than suggested by previous research.     

Effort,incentives, and culture in the Czech Senate

This paper uses the natural experiment of seat allocation in the first Czech Senate to assess the effects of incentives on legislative effort. Contrary to previous work using similar research designs, the incentive of longer terms has little effect on the effort levels of legislators. This may reflect the parliamentary context, the newness of the Czech Senate, or, most interestingly, political culture.     

浅议侦查实验笔录

侦查实验笔录具有证据的能力,既可以为刑事案件是否应当立案提供理由,也可以为法庭审查提供证据,或为核实其他证据提供支持。在证据分类上,应当根据侦查实验笔录所记载的具体内容来确定其究竟是归属于言词证据还是实物证据,并应在法律上将其列为单独的一类证据。     

灯盏细辛与复方丹参注射液治疗脑梗死疗效比较的Meta分析

目的 系统评价灯盏细辛对比复方丹参治疗脑梗死的疗效。方法 计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数据库和维普数据库,并辅以手工检索和其他检索,收集灯盏细辛治疗脑梗死的随机对照试验,检索时间截至2013年7月。由2名研究者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料,并采用Jadad量表对纳入研究进行质量评价后,用RevMan 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入23个随机对照试验。Meta分析结果显示,灯盏细辛改善神经缺损的效果优于复方丹参,灯盏细辛对脑梗死的有效率高于复方丹参,灯盏细辛的不良反应轻微。结论 灯盏细辛可有效治疗脑梗死,其效果优于复方丹参,不良反应轻微。     

针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫随机对照试验文献质量评价

［摘要］目的 对针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫随机对照试验文献质量进行分析，为进一步的临床试验研究提供参考。方法 检索近30年针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫临床研究文献，采用循证医学的原则及评价方法，制定临床文献评价及信息采集表，对纳入文献进行分析和评价。结果 检索到符合纳入标准的临床对照试验文献21篇，在样本量估算、疾病诊断标准及疗效判定标准、盲法和分配隐藏、随机化实施、随访及病例脱失剔除情况、结局指标选择、安全性观察、结论推导等方面存在一些问题。结论 针灸治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫的临床研究文献存在样本量较少、研究方法实施不严谨、结局指标选取不统一的缺点，尚不能得出针灸优于其他疗法的确切结论，故有必要进一步做多中心、大样本及高质量的临床试验研究。     

中药治疗糖尿病足溃疡结局评价的问题与对策

药物的疗效和安全性通过结局指标的报告来体现,因此恰当地选择并报告结局指标是临床研究中应该重视的关键环节.目前中药治疗糖尿病足随机对照试验的文献在结局指标的选择和报告方面存在以下问题:滥用综合性指标评价结局;结局评价指标模糊不清;结局评价指标不分主次;结局评价标准不统一;缺少对不良事件的报告.因此,应明确定义主次结局指标...