我国国家所有权合理性评析

我国新颁布的《物权法》，在所有权类型的规定上与传统民法对所有权类型的梳理存在很大差异，延续依照所有权划分的模式难以真正体现国家所有权的市场定位。文章结合传统所有权理论对《物权法》种类进行了评价，比较分析国家所有权的制度缺陷，提出了应遵循传统理论建立国家法人身份的立法建议。     

加快慈善立法，解决慈善事业面临的问题

我国慈善事业发展很快的同时,慈善机构在运行过程中遇到很多问题,对现有的法律法规提出了挑战。通过立法明确慈善组织的性质、活动程序、活动的监督机制等,使政府、捐赠者与接受者各方的权利义务都有明确的规定和保障,发挥法律的指引功能,使慈善机构运行更加规范,不仅必要而且紧迫。     

论《物权法》精神在刑事诉讼中的体现——以被追诉人财产权保障为视角

2007年,《物权法》的颁布与实施标志着我国对公民财产权的保护迈上了一个新的台阶。然而,在有国家权力干预其中的刑事诉讼中,仅仅通过私法对公民权利进行保护的方式就略显无力。因此,就我国目前刑事诉讼中存在的一些国家权力侵犯被追诉人合法财产权利的现象,我们应当在刑事诉讼立法以及刑事诉讼运行过程中充分体现《物权法》的精神,改革、完善诉讼程序,限制国家权力的滥用,保障被追诉人的合法财产权利。     

论盘查制度的立法完善

盘查权在公安派出所打击流动人口犯罪方面功不可没,但是,我国法律对盘查权的立法还存在这样或那样的不足,在很大程度上限制了盘查权作用的发挥,本文试从几个角度谈谈盘查权的立法完善。     

“Take My License n’ All That Jive,I Can’t See … 35”: Little Hope for the Future Encourages Offending Over time

A very small number of studies has observed that persons who perceive an early age-at-death report a higher risk of offending. This literature, however, is limited by the use of general population samples, cross-sectional data, and the failure to consider both the determinants of perceived age-at-death, as well as some of the mediating processes associated with the relationship between perceived age-at-death and offending. Using data for a large sample of serious youthful offenders from two urban cities and who were followed for seven years, the current study attends to these concerns. Results show that gender, race/ethnicity, and adverse neighborhood conditions influence the perceived age-at-death; this perception distinguishes between distinct trajectories of offending, and such perceptions also influence both perceived risks and perceived rewards as well as one’s impulse control.     

CAN RATIONAL CHOICE BE CONSIDERED A GENERAL THEORY OF CRIME? EVIDENCE FROM INDIVIDUAL‐LEVEL PANEL DATA

In the last few decades, rational choice theory has emerged as a bedrock theory in the fields of economics, sociology, psychology, and political science. Although rational choice theory has been available to criminologists for many years now, the field has not embraced it as other disciplines have. Moreover, rational choice scholars have fueled this skepticism of the theory's generality by modeling offender decision making that is one‐sided—large on the costs of crime (sanction threats), short on the benefits of crime. In this article, we directly assess the generality of rational choice theory by examining a fully specified model in a population that is often presumed to be less rational—adolescents from lower socioeconomic families who commit both instrumental (property) and expressive crimes (violence/drugs). By using a panel of N = 1,354 individuals, we find that offending behavior is consistent with rational responses to changes in the perceived costs and benefits of crime even after eliminating fixed unobserved heterogeneity and other time‐varying confounders, and these results are robust across different subgroups. The findings support our argument that rational choice theory is a general theory of crime.     

Traits and states at work: lure,risk and personality as predictors of occupational crime

This study linked individual characteristics to proximate factors operating in the moment of decision-making to predict occupational crime. We distinguished between people’s task-related conscience, as embodied by the Conscientiousness personality trait, and a more general moral conscience as embodied by the Honesty-Humility trait, hypothesizing that both traits are differentially related to the way situational characteristics, such as costs and benefits, are perceived. We operationalized the concept of ‘felt lure’ emanating from the benefits of a crime, defining it as an affective state that tempts people to commit a criminal act, and examined it next to perceived risk of sanction as a proximate predictor of criminal choice. In line with our predictions, Conscientiousness and Honesty-Humility significantly predicted occupational criminal choice as did felt lure and perceived risk. Specifically, perceived risk and felt lure mediated the relations between Conscientiousness and Honesty-Humility on the one hand, and occupational criminal choice on the other.     

经营者赔偿责任的动态系统论--从第三人侵权的路径展开

经营场所第三人侵权时经营者是否承担赔偿责任 ,在立法制度设计和法解释上应当衡量多方面的因素 ,动态系统论给这一问题的思考提供了借鉴和启发。首先应当确定经营者承担责任的观点或因子 ,其次透过观点和因子进一步探索其背后的原理 ,最后通过比较命题反映出责任承担动态性和多样性。     

数字图书馆建设中知识产权问题的思考

数字图书馆扩大了信息传播范围的同时,也增加了知识产权管理的难度。知识产权是一种无形财产权,具有国家授予性、专有性、地域性、时间性等特点,数字图书馆是以网络为依托的信息空间,在其建设和运行中,信息收集,复制和传播必然会涉及到较多、较复杂的著作权问题,极易造成侵权行为,解决相关问题可采取以下几个措施:扩大图书馆合理使用范围;引入法定许可制度;建立强制许可制度;完善和加强著作权集体管理机制。