A real-time multiplex SNP melting assay to discriminate individuals

A method that quickly and inexpensively differentiates crime scene samples from multiple donors would expedite casework analysis by allowing the selection of probative items requiring comprehensive testing. This new method need not be perfectly definitive nor give a complete 13 locus short tandem repeat (STR) profile; it simply must be able to differentiate between most victim and suspect samples. We describe the development of multiplex, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to fulfill this need. Dual probes, one fluorescently labeled and the other labeled with a quencher, are monitored during a melt analysis to reveal an increase in fluorescence, which allows the assessment of the two SNP alleles. Two alternate 6-plex assays (with and without gender determination) have been developed for the six-color RG6000 real-time instrument (Corbett Robotics, Inc.) and one seven SNP plus gender assay (performed as two 4-plex assays, one with gender the other without) have been developed for use in four/five color real-time instruments. This technique can discriminate between 95% and 99% of samples from different individuals. This assay is fast (approximately 2 h), much less expensive than STR analysis, and uses a real-time PCR instrument which is found in most forensic and molecular biology labs.     

论物权请求权的制度价值--兼评《中国物权法草案建议稿》的有关规定

物权请求权是否为脱离干债权的一类独立的请求权,取决于对有关利弊的实证分析而非逻辑推理.物权请求权应独立于债权体系,相应地,物权法草案建议稿有关规定应予以完善.     

房产税制度中建设用地使用权刍议

我国宪法规定土地归国家和集体所有,而税法规定房产税的缴纳主体为产权所有人。实践中对个人征收住宅房产税时,应考虑将住宅建设用地使用权价值予以扣除。考察英美法系和大陆法系国家经验,我国房产税试点中有两种征税模式可供选择:一是将住宅的土地使用税合并至房地产税中一并征收;二是在房地产税的计税依据中扣减住宅建设用地使用权的价值,同时对个人住宅建设用地使用权征收土地使用税。     

论担保物权的竞合——建构一种解决之道

担保物权的竞合,变称职物的提担保竞合,是指在同一标准上存在不同种类的担保物权,此时应以何类担保物权的效力优先的问题.然而对于这一问题,在《担保法》及其他法律中均没有作出规定.与此同时反观我国民法学界,对担保物权竞争合的研究几乎处于空白状态.司法实务中的法律缺席以及理论研究上的止步,于是以此为契机,我想通过本文写作以及对担保物权竞争合存在现象的研究,希冀能在理论上建构出一条最终解决之道.     

环境权问题:一种新的探讨路径

各国宪法和环境基本法律中规定的公民享有良好环境的权利不应被视为实体性基本人权 ,而应当看作是揭示环境保护的政策、理念的宣示性条款。该条款的现实意义在于确立国家的环境管理权和公众的环境保护权 ,从而保护公众的生命、健康、财产等基本权利不因环境污染和生态破坏而遭受侵害。在民法物权法中应当确立环境物权制度 ,将公众的环境使用权纳入其中 ;同时 ,在利益衡量的基础上 ,通过环境法对环境物权的行使进行必要的限制     

Paradise Lost...: The Meaning of Modernity and the Antinomy of the Law

This essay argues for the centrality of the study of paradoxes of particularity and universality in the interface between law and politics in modernity. Particularly, in order to understand the process of constitution of a political collective and the role of supernumerary elements that re-enter a constituted legal-political system. After introducing the question of paradoxes or antinomies in the relation between law and politics in modernity, the essay engages with current understandings of exceptionalism and the possibility of a leftist or ‘real’ suspension of the law. In order to do so, this essay makes full use of certain theoretical tools developed in anthropological accounts of political and legal processes, and current French-oriented and Latin American political philosophy.     

中国物权冲突法体系之重构

我国物权冲突法在信托的法律适用、有价证券的法律适用、动产物权的法律适用、无形财产的法律适用、运输工具物权的法律适用方面存在一定的困境。构建中国财产权冲突法体系以取代物权冲突法体系能解决这些困境。财产权冲突法体系能涵纳各种类型的财产权,具有开放性与包容性,并使有关冲突规则在财产权冲突法领域的适用更具有系统性、逻辑性与针对性。     

返还原物请求权适用诉讼时效问题探究

返还原物请求权作为物权请求权的一种重要类型应否适用诉讼时效制度,学界看法并不统一,立法也未予以明确,司法实践中对同类型案件的处理结果也不尽一致,世界其他国家和地区的做法,对我国相关立法的完善提供了借鉴。     

实现担保物权非讼许可裁定的文本分析——基于北京、重庆、广东三地法院的考察

《民事诉讼法》中新增的实现担保物权非讼程序,目的是在程序主体对主债权、担保物权等实体问题不存在争执的基础上做出许可执行拍卖、变卖裁定。而通过对北京、重庆、广东三地法院做出的许可裁定书文本分析得知,法院对优先权、优先受偿数额等相关实体问题是否在裁定书中做出处理的态度大相径庭。从认识归因上讲,主要是对形式审查原则认识不清。对此,从法理解释来看,许可裁定书不仅要对担保财产"是否"以及"如何"拍卖、变卖做出裁断,还应对优先受偿数额等实体问题进行确认。该裁定性质上为"对物的执行名义",具有执行力。     

银行存款权利属性研究

银行存款的权利属性定位是理论问题，更是法律实践问题，应当结合我国的立法实践和群众心理确定。本文主张将银行存款定位为物权更为符合我国的实际情况，可以将银行存款账户看做物权价值化的表现形式，将银行存款利息看做用益物权的表现形式，将银行存款优先权看做法定担保物权的表现形式。存款人的银行存款所有权具有明显观念化的特征，更多地表现为观念上对存款账户的所有。